<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2007-2422</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Tecnología y ciencias del agua]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Tecnol. cienc. agua]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2007-2422</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Mexicano de Tecnología del Agua, Coordinación de Comunicación, Participación e Información]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2007-24222018000300001</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24850/j-tyca-2018-03-01</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[El derecho de la naturaleza de disponer de sus residuos salinos]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The right of nature to dispose of its salts]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ponce]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Víctor M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oñate-Valdivieso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fernando]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cobos-Aguilar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Raúl]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Estatal de San Diego Departamento de Ingeniería Civil, Construcción, y Ambiental ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ California]]></addr-line>
<country>Estados Unidos</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja Departamento de Geología, Minas e Ingeniería Civil Grupo de Hidrología y Climatología]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Loja ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas Facultad de Ingeniería "Arturo Narro Siller" ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Tampico Tamaulipas]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>28</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2007-24222018000300001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2007-24222018000300001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2007-24222018000300001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Iones de sodio y calcio se producen de forma constante por la desintegración de la litósfera en cantidades muy por encima de las que podrían ser asimiladas por la biósfera terrestre. En drenajes exorreicos, los residuos salinos resultantes han sido (y están siendo) transportados al océano por los ríos. Por otro lado, en drenajes endorreicos, la producción de sal se ha acumulado a través de milenios en el interior de los continentes. En general, el exorreísmo es preferible al endorreísmo, pues lleva a ecosistemas más diversos. La irrigación convierte la escorrentía en evapotranspiración, reduciendo así la cantidad de agua disponible para el lavado de las sales. Al mismo tiempo, en regiones áridas, la irrigación moviliza nuevas sales debido al intemperismo adicional en suelos jóvenes. En el límite, cuando toda la escorrentía es secuestrada y convertida en evaporación, no queda ningún agua para llevar las sales al océano. De manera eventual, el sistema se vuelve insostenible, no por falta de agua para la vegetación, sino por falta de agua para la eliminación de las sales. Siguiendo los principios de hidrología, aquí postulamos que la naturaleza tenía un plan diferente: en promedio, dos tercios del agua disponible para el ecosistema, y el tercio restante para el lavado de las sales. La estrategia equivocada de retener toda la escorrentía con el argumento de que constituye un recurso "muy valioso" sólo puede conducir a la eventual conversión de las cuencas continentales periféricas en cuencas artificialmente infestadas con sal.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Ions of sodium and calcium are produced by lithospheric disintegration in quantities far exceeding those that could possibly be assimilated by the terrestrial biosphere. In exorheic drainages, the resulting waste has been (and is being) transported to the ocean by streams and rivers. In endorheic drainages, it has collected in the interior of continents, producing closed salt basins. In general, exorheism is preferable to endorheism because it leads to healthier and more diverse ecosystems. Irrigation converts runoff into evaporation, reducing the amount of water available for salt flushing. At the same time, particularly in arid and semiarid regions where it is most needed, irrigation mobilizes new salts through the additional biodegradation of geologically young soils. At the limit, when all runoff is sequestered and converted to evaporation, there is no water left to carry the salts to the ocean. As the system is gradually driven towards this limit, it becomes unsustainable, not for lack of water to support the vegetation, but for lack of water to flush the salts. In accordance with hydrologic science, we posit that nature had a different plan: on average, two-thirds of the available water for the ecosystem and the remaining one-third for flushing all salts, regional and new. The misguided strategy of retaining all runoff, on the grounds that it constitutes "precious" water, could only lead to the eventual conversion of peripheral continental basins into artificial, salt-infested basins.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[sal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[salinización]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[derecho de la naturaleza]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[balance de sales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Salt]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[salinization]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[right of nature]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[salt balance]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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