<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2007-2422</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Tecnología y ciencias del agua]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Tecnol. cienc. agua]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2007-2422</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Mexicano de Tecnología del Agua, Coordinación de Comunicación, Participación e Información]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2007-24222015000600033</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Tendencia de la precipitación estacional e influencia de El Niño-Oscilación Austral sobre la ocurrencia de extremos pluviométricos en la cuenca del lago de Valencia, Venezuela]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Seasonal Trend of the Rainfall and the Influence of El Niño-Southern Oscillation on the Occurrence of Extreme Rainfalls at the Watershed of Valencia's Lake, Venezuela]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paredes-Trejo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Franklin]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guevara-Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Edilberto]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barbosa-Alves]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Humberto]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Uzcátegui-Briceño]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de Los Llanos Occidentales Ezequiel Zamora Vicerrectorado de Infraestructura y Procesos Industriales ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[San Carlos Cojedes ]]></addr-line>
<country>Venezuela</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Carabobo Centro de Investigaciones Hidrológicas y Ambientales de la Universidad de Carabobo ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Carabobo ]]></addr-line>
<country>Venezuela</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Federal de Alagoas Instituto de Ciencias Atmosféricas Maceió Laboratorio de Análisis y Procesamiento de Imágenes de Satélites (LAPIS)]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Alagoas ]]></addr-line>
<country>Brasil</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Federal de Alagoas Instituto de Ciencias Atmosféricas Maceió Laboratorio de Análisis y Procesamiento de Imágenes de Satélites (LAPIS)]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Alagoas ]]></addr-line>
<country>Brasil</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>6</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<fpage>33</fpage>
<lpage>48</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2007-24222015000600033&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2007-24222015000600033&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2007-24222015000600033&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: La cuenca del lago de Valencia (CELV) es la cuenca endorreica de mayor tamaño en Venezuela. Por su elevada densidad poblacional e industrial es susceptible a los extremos pluviométricos. Se sabe que el fenómeno ENOA (El Niño-Oscilación Austral) modula las lluvias en el territorio venezolano, pero no se ha explorado su incidencia en detalle en la CELV. En este estudio se analiza la tendencia espacial y temporal de la precipitación estacional y se explora la asociación entre la ocurrencia de meses con extremos pluviométricos y las fases de ENOA (El Niño, La Niña, neutro) en la CELV. Se seleccionaron ocho estaciones climáticas con buena calidad de registros. Los periodos 1934-2005 y 19661992 se adoptan para los análisis a escalas local y regional. Se identificaron los meses de la temporada seca y húmeda. En cada estación se calculó la precipitación acumulada estacional y se evaluó su tendencia de largo plazo utilizando la prueba de Mann-Kendall. Se categorizó la precipitación mensual local y estacional en extrema seca (ES), no extrema (NE) y extrema húmeda (EH), usando como umbrales los percentiles 10 y 90. Se analizó la ocurrencia probabilística espacial y simultaneidad de un mes ES, NE y EH, según la temporada y fases de ENOA. La asociación entre ENOA y la precipitación estacional se explora con una prueba Chi-Cuadrado. Se encontró lo siguiente: no existen tendencias locales de largo plazo en la precipitación total estacional; la ocurrencia de extremos pluviométricos estacionales está parcialmente asociada con los eventos El Niño/La Niña; la incidencia de extremos pluviométricos podría estar vinculada con factores climáticos locales.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: The Valencia lake basin is the endorheic watershed larger of Venezuela (VLB). VLB is densely populated and industrialized; therefore the extreme climate events can cause severe impacts. In the Venezuelan territory, it is known that ENSO (El Niño-Southern Oscillation) can modulate the rainfalls, however no has been explored in detail as ENSO can affect the rainfalls on VLB. This study analyzes the spatio-temporal trends of the seasonal rainfalls and explores the association between the occurrence of extreme rainfall months and the phases of ENSO (El Niño, La Niña and Neutral) on VLB. Eight stations were selected by the quality control of their registers. We considered two periods for our analysis: 1934-2005 (local scale) and 1966-1992 (regional-local scale). In addition, were identified the months of occurrence of the rainy and dry seasons. The accumulated rainfall by season in each station was calculated and after was explored the occurrence of a long-term trend by Mann-Kendall test. Seasonal precipitation in each station and season was categorized in extreme dry, extreme-no, or extreme wet (ED, EN and EW) using the 10th and 90th percentiles as threshold. The likelihood of occurrence of a month ED, EN or EW at local scale according to season and phase of ENSO was estimated. The association between these categorical variables was analyzed by chi-square test for independence. The results more remarkable were: there is no evidence of a long-term trend at local scale on seasonal precipitation; the Niño/Niña episodes are partially associated with the occurrence of extreme rainfall at seasonal scale; a high-proportion of the extreme rainfall events could have been driven by local factors which were not evaluated here.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[El Niño-Oscilación Austral]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[lago de Valencia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cambio climático]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[extremos pluviométricos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Valencia's Lake]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[El Niño-Southern Oscillation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[climate change]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[extreme rainfall]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Allan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lindesay]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Parker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[ENSO and Climate Variability in the Past 150 Years (pp. 3-56)]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Díaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Markgraf]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El Niño and the Southern Oscillation, Multiscale Variability and Global and Regional Impacts]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambridge, UK ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[H. Díaz & V. Markgraf Editores]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arntz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fahrbach]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El Niño: experimento climático de la naturaleza]]></source>
<year>1991</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México, DF ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fondo de Cultura Económica]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ascenzi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mora]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Evaluación de los parámetros hidrológico-ambientales de la cuenca del lago de Valencia]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Naguanagua, Venezuela ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Carabobo]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Banco Mundial-Naciones Unidas</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Natural Hazards - Unnatural Disasters: The Economics of Effective Prevention]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Washington, DC ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Banco Mundial, Naciones Unidas]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Climatic Change at High Elevation Sites: An Overview]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beniston]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Diaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bradley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Climatic Change]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>36</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>233-51</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Late Quaternary Environmental History of Lake Valencia]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bradbury]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leyden]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salgado-Labouriau]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lewis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schubert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Binford]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Science]]></source>
<year>1981</year>
<volume>214</volume>
<numero>18</numero>
<issue>18</issue>
<page-range>1299-305</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[An Anomaly in the Occurrence of the Month of Maximum Precipitation Distribution in Northwest Mexico]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brito]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vivoni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gochis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Filonov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tereshchenko]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Monzon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Arid Environments]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>74</volume>
<page-range>531-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Some Methods for Testing the Homogeneity of Rainfall Records]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Buishand]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Hydrology]]></source>
<year>1982</year>
<volume>58</volume>
<page-range>11-27</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cárdenas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Grazy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Tendencia a largo plazo en la precipitación para Venezuela]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<page-range>43</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Caracas ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cárdenas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gil]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Impacto de los eventos El Niño-Oscilación del Sur en Venezuela]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Caracas ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Corporación Andina de Fomento]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carrillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Agroclimatología]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Caracas ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Innovación Tecnológica, Universidad Central de Venezuela]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Influencia de ENSO sobre las variaciones interanuales de ciertos ríos en América del Sur]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Caviedes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Bulletin de l'Institut Français D'études Andines]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<page-range>627-42</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>CNMeH</collab>
<collab>CONICIT</collab>
<source><![CDATA[El Fenómeno El Niño y su posible influencia sobre el Territorio de Venezuela]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Caracas ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Comisión Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología & Comisión Nacional de Investigación, Ciencia y Tecnología]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Comisión Europea</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Cambio climático en América Latina]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bruselas ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[ARCA Consulting]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Díaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La colección arqueológica del lago de Valencia: documentación y nueva museología]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Valencia, Venezuela ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[N. Díaz Peña Editor]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dourojeanni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jouravlev]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chávez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Gestión del agua a nivel de cuencas: teoría y práctica]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Washington, DC ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[CEPAL-Naciones Unidas]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Filippone]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Evaluación del impacto económico de instrumentos ambientales de mercado para el caso de la contaminación hídrica del lago de Valencia]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Caracas ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Sociales, Universidad Católica Andrés Bello]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Foghin-Pillin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Tiempo y clima en Venezuela. Aproximación a una geografía climática del territorio venezolano]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Caracas ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Pedagógica El Libertador]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fox]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Applied Regression Analysis and Generalized Linear Models]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<edition>2</edition>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[California, USA ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sage]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Teleconexiones y precipitación en América del Sur]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Giddings]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de Climatología]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<page-range>13-20</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goldbrunner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Atlas climatológico de Venezuela 1951/70]]></source>
<year>1984</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Caracas ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Servicio de Meteorología, Fuerza Aérea]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Wind Resource Potential in Los Taques-Venezuela]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González-Longatt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Revista IEEE America Latina]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>1429-37</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Greenwood]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nikulin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[A Guide to Chi-Squared Testing]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[John Wiley & Sons]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cambio climático 2007: Informe de síntesis]]></article-title>
<collab>Grupo Intergubernamental de Expertos sobre el Cambio Climático</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Cuarto Informe de Evaluación del Grupo Intergubernamental de Expertos sobre el Cambio Climático]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Ginebra ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Grupo Intergubernamental de Expertos sobre el Cambio Climático]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Examination of Selected Atmospheric and Orographic Effects on Monthly Precipitation of Taiwan Using the ASOADeK Model]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huang-Hsiung]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Makhnin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xied]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wilsone]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Climatology]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>1171-81</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guevara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Márquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La problemática ambiental de la cuenca del lago de Valencia en Venezuela]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ XXVCongreso Latinoamericano de Hidráulica]]></conf-name>
<conf-date>9 al 12 de septiembre de 2012</conf-date>
<conf-loc>San José, Costa Rica </conf-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Influencia de variables macroclimáticas sobre el régimen pluviométrico del estado Cojedes, Venezuela]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guevara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paredes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Ingeniería UC]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>49-56</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Régimen climático y patrón espacial de las lluvias en la cuenca del lago de Valencia, Venezuela]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guevara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guevara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de Climatología]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>29-40</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Helsel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hirsch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Statistical Methods in Water Resources]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Amsterdam ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Elsevier]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Influence of the Andes Mountains on South American Moisture Transport, Convection, and Precipitation]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Insel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Poulsen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ch. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ehlers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Climate Dynamics]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>1477-92</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kendall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Rank Correlation Methods]]></source>
<year>1975</year>
<edition>4</edition>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[London ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Charles Griffin & Company, Ltd]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Dynamics of Subtropical Vertical Motions over the Americas during El Niño Boreal Winters]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Magaña]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ambrizzi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Atmósfera]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<page-range>211-34</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Rendimiento y producción agrícola vegetal: un análisis del entorno mundial (1997-1999) y de Venezuela (1988-2001)]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marín]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CH.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Agroalimentaria]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<page-range>49-73</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martelo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La precipitación en Venezuela y su relación con el sistema climático]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<month>a</month>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Caracas ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Dirección de Hidrología, Meteorología y Oceanología, Dirección General de Cuencas Hidrográficas del Ministerio del Ambiente]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martelo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Influencia de las variables macroclimáticas en el clima de Venezuela]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<month>b</month>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Caracas ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Dirección de Hidrología, Meteorología y Oceanología, Dirección General de Cuencas Hidrográficas del Ministerio del Ambiente]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Ministerio del Ambiente y Recursos Naturales Renovables</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Lecturas de cotas del espejo de aguas del lago de Valencia. Período 1996-2007]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Valencia, Venezuela ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Agencia de Cuenca del Lago de Valencia]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paredes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guevara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Uzcategui]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garbi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Análisis regional de frecuencia de la precipitación anual y estacional en la cuenca del lago de Valencia: aproximación de la amenaza pluviométrica]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ VIIICongreso Nacional de la Universidad de Carabobo]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc>Naguanagua </conf-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Análisis espacial de las sequías meteorológicas en la región de Los Llanos de Venezuela durante el período 1961-1996]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paredes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Millano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guevara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de Climatología]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<page-range>15-27</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[nfluencia de episodios El Niño-Oscilación del Sur (ENOS) sobre la precipitación en el Estado Monagas, Venezuela]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Científica UDO Agrícola]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>400-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Influencia del ENOS sobre la precipitación en la cuenca del río Yacambú y la depresión de Quíbor, estado Lara, Venezuela]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pierre]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tirado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Bioagro]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>41-52</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>PNUMA</collab>
<collab>CEPAL</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Gráficos Vitales del Cambio Climático para América Latina y El Caribe]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Santiago, Chile ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Medio Ambiente-Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Precipitation in the Venezuelan Andes in the Context of Regional Climate]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pulwarty]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barry]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hurst]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sellinger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mogollon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>67</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>217-37</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Annual and Seasonal Patterns of Rainfall Variability over Venezuela]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pulwarty]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barry]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Riehl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Erdkunde]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<volume>46</volume>
<page-range>273-89</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Precipitation Variability over the Caribbean and Tropical Americas Associated with the Southern Oscillation]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rogers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Climate]]></source>
<year>1988</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>172-82</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Characteristics of the Water and Energy Balance in an Amazonian Lowland Rainforest in Venezuela and the Impact of the ENSO-Cycle]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rollenbeck]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anhuf]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Hydrology]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>337</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>377-90</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sequera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Geografía económica de Venezuela]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Caracas ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Alfa]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[&#352;t&#283;pánek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[AnClim-Software for Time Series Analysis]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Brno, Czech Republic ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Masaryk]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Spatial and Temporal Variation in Tropical Fish Trophic Networks]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Winemiller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Ecological Monographs]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<volume>60</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>331-67</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
