<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2007-1124</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista mexicana de ciencias pecuarias]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. mex. de cienc. pecuarias]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2007-1124</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2007-11242020000200468</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22319/rmcp.v11i2.4926</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Ascosferosis en abejas melíferas y su relación con factores ambientales en Jalisco, México]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Ascospherosis in honey bees and its relationship to environmental factors in Jalisco, Mexico]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tapia-González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José María]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alcazar-Oceguera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gustavo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Macías-Macías]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José Octavio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Contreras-Escareño]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Francisca]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tapia-Rivera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José Carlos]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Petukhova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Tatiana]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guzmán-Novoa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ernesto]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Guadalajara Centro Universitario del Sur Departamento de Ciencias Económicas Administrativas y Departamento de Ciencias de la Naturaleza]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cd. Guzmán Jalisco]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Guadalajara Departamento de Producción Agrícola Centro de Investigaciones en Abejas]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,University of Guelph Department of Population Medicine ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Guelph Ontario]]></addr-line>
<country>Canada</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,University of Guelph School of Environmental Sciences ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Guelph Ontario]]></addr-line>
<country>Canada</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>468</fpage>
<lpage>478</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2007-11242020000200468&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2007-11242020000200468&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2007-11242020000200468&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen La ascosferosis o cría de cal, es una enfermedad infecciosa de las abejas melíferas (Apis mellifera) causada por el hongo Ascosphaera apis que ocasiona la muerte a sus larvas. En casos severos puede causar disminución de la población de abejas adultas y de productividad de la colonia. Este es el primer estudio que se realiza en México con la finalidad de determinar la prevalencia de A. apis en colonias de abejas melíferas en una región apícola. Se llevó a cabo en nueve municipios del sur de Jalisco, distribuidos en dos zonas climáticas (cálida subhúmeda y templada subhúmeda) y se analizó la relación del hongo con factores como altura sobre el nivel del mar, precipitación pluvial y temperatura ambiental. Se tomaron muestras de cría de abejas de 365 colonias, de las cuales, el 74.1 % fueron positivas a ascosferosis mediante análisis microscópico. El 75.6 % de las colonias de la zona cálida y el 72.2 % de la templada resultaron positivas a A. apis, respectivamente, y no fueron significativamente diferentes en la prevalencia de este hongo (P&gt;0.05). El análisis de regresión logística indicó que al incrementarse la precipitación pluvial también se incrementa significativamente el número de colonias infectadas por A. apis (odds= 3.53; P&lt;0.01). Hubo una correlación significativa entre precipitación pluvial y proporción de casos positivos a ascosferosis (r= 0.87, P= 0.003). Los otros factores estudiados no tuvieron relación significativa con casos de ascosferosis. Debido a los altos porcentajes de colonias infectadas con A. apis encontrados en este estudio, debieran considerarse investigaciones posteriores para determinar cuáles son las causas de la alta prevalencia de este hongo en colonias de abejas del estado de Jalisco.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Ascospherosis or chalkbrood is an infectious disease of honey bees (Apis mellifera) caused by the fungus Ascosphaera apis that results in the death of larvae. In severe cases it can cause a decrease of the population of adult bees and in the productivity of the colony. This is the first study performed in Mexico with the objective of determining the prevalence of A. apis in honeybee colonies in a beekeeping region. It was carried out in nine municipalities of southern Jalisco, distributed in two climatic zones (sub-humid and subhumid temperate warm), and the relationship of the fungus with factors such as height above sea level, precipitations and temperature was analyzed. Samples of bees were collected from 365 breeding colonies, of which 74.1 % were proven chalkbrood-positive by microscopic analysis. 75.6 % of the colonies in the warm area and 72.2 % of those of the temperate area were A. apis-positive and were not significantly different in terms of the prevalence of chalkbrood (P&gt;0.05). The logistic regression analysis indicated that the increase in rainfall also significantly increases the number of colonies infected with A. apis (odds= 3.53; P&lt;0.01). There was a significant correlation between the rainfall and the proportion of ascospherosis-positive cases (r= 0.87, P= 0.003). The other studied factors had no significant relationship with cases of ascospherosis. Due to the high percentages of colonies infected with A. apis found in this study, further research should be considered in order to determine the causes of the high prevalence of this fungus in honey bee colonies in the state of Jalisco.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Ascosphaera apis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Apis mellifera]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Efectos ambientales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Jalisco]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Ascosphaera apis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Apis mellifera]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Environmental effects]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Jalisco]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Spiltoir]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Olive]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LS.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A re-classification of the genus Pericystis Betts]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Mycologia]]></source>
<year>1955</year>
<volume>147</volume>
<page-range>238-44</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Albo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reynaldi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FJ.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ascosphaera apis, agente etiológico de la cría yesificada de las abejas]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Argent Microbiol]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<numero>42</numero>
<issue>42</issue>
<page-range>80</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heath]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LAF.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Development of chalk brood in a honeybee colony: a review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Bee World]]></source>
<year>1982</year>
<numero>63</numero>
<issue>63</issue>
<page-range>119-30</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aronstein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Murray]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KD.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Chalkbrood disease in honey bees]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Invertebr Pathol]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<numero>103</numero>
<issue>103</issue>
<page-range>S20-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Correa-Benítez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Enfermedades micóticas y virales de la cría]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guzmán-Novoa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Correa-Benítez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Patología, diagnóstico y control de las principales enfermedades y plagas de las abejas melíferas]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<page-range>37-48</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Yire]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hitchcock]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Christensen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Occurrence of chalk brood (Ascosphaera apis) in honey bees in the United States]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Mycologia]]></source>
<year>1972</year>
<numero>64</numero>
<issue>64</issue>
<page-range>1193-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wilson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nunamaker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The occurrence of brood diseases and the absence of the Varroa mite in honey bees from Mexico (Apis mellifera, Varroa jacobsoni)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am Bee J]]></source>
<year>1984</year>
<numero>124</numero>
<issue>124</issue>
<page-range>51-3</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Palacio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodriguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goncalves]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bedascarrasbure]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Spivak]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Hygienic behaviours of honey bees in response to brood experimentally pin-killed or infected with Ascosphaera apis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Apidologie]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>41</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>602-12</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Invernizzi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rivas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bettucci]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Resistance to chalkbrood disease in Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) colonies with different hygienic behaviour]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Neotrop Entomol]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>40</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>28-34</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gilliam]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vandenberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Fungi]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morse]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Flottum]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Honey bee pests, predators and diseases]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<page-range>79-116</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Medina, Ohio USA ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[A.I. Root Co]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Medina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ML]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mejia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EV.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The presence of Varroa jacobsoni mite and Ascosphaera apis fungi in collapsing and normal honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) colonies in Yucatán, Mexico]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am Bee J]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>139</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>794-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>INEGI. Instituto Nacional de Estadística Geografía e Informática</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Gobierno del estado de Jalisco, Sayula Jalisco]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>INEGI. Instituto Nacional de Estadística Geografía e Informática</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Cuéntame de México]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>CONAGUA</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Comisión Nacional del Agua]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guzmán-Novoa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zozaya-Rubio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anguiano-Báez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vázquez-Valencia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Técnicas de diagnóstico de laboratorio de las enfermedades y parásitos de las abejas]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guzmán-Novoa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Correa-Benítez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Patología, diagnóstico y control de las principales enfermedades y plagas de las abejas melíferas]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<page-range>141-66</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Yire]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hosmer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lemeshow]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Special topics. Applied Logistic Regression]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<edition>Second</edition>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[USA ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[John Wiley &amp; Sons]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>R Core, Team R: A language and environment for statistical computing</collab>
<source><![CDATA[R Foundation for Statistical Computing]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Vienna, Austria]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Álvarez-Ramírez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jiménez-González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ortiz-Muñoz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruíz-Garcia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Orozco-Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Influencia de las condiciones ambientales en la presentación de Ascosferosis (Ascosphaera apis) o cría de cal en Apis mellifera (abeja)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Aba Vet]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>37-46</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mizue]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hidetoshi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Toshifumi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tadaaki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ryuichi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Etsuro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Control of hive environment by honeybee (Apis mellifera) in Japan]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ 6thInt Conf on Methods and Techniques in Behavioral Res]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc>The Netherlands </conf-loc>
<page-range>782-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vojvodic]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jensen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Markussen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eilenberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boomsma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JJ.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Genetic variation in virulence among chalkbrood strains infecting honey bees]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[PLoS one]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yoder]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nelson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Main]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lorenz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jajack]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aronstein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KA.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Water activity of the bee fungal pathogen Ascosphaera apis in relation to colony conditions]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Apidologie]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>48</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>159-67</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bamford]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heath]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LAF.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The effects of temperature and pH on the germination of spores of the chalkbrood fungus, Ascosphaera apis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Apic Res]]></source>
<year>1989</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>36-40</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Flores]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Spivak]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gutiérrez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Spores of Ascosphaera apis contained in wax foundation can infect honey bee brood]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Vet Microbiol]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>108</volume>
<numero>1-2</numero>
<issue>1-2</issue>
<page-range>141-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Koenig]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boush]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Erickson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EH.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effects of spore introduction and ratio of adult bees to brood on chalkbrood disease in honeybee colonies]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Apic Res]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>191-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
