<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2007-0934</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista mexicana de ciencias agrícolas]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. Mex. Cienc. Agríc]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2007-0934</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2007-09342020000601207</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29312/remexca.v11i6.2348</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Especialización y competitividad: análisis de las exportaciones brasileñas de cacao en grano y productos]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Specialization and competitiveness: analysis of Brazilian exports of cocoa beans and products]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Conceição]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ronisson Lucas Calmon da]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Macedo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Renato Droguett]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gomes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Andréa da Silva]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pires]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Monica de Moura]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lisboa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gustavo Joaquim]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Monick Midlej do Espírito]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Estatal de Santa Cruz Campus Soane Nazaré de Andrade Rodovia Jorge Amado ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bairro Salobrinho Ilhéus]]></addr-line>
<country>Brazil</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<fpage>1207</fpage>
<lpage>1219</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2007-09342020000601207&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2007-09342020000601207&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2007-09342020000601207&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen El cultivo de cacao fue y sigue siendo una actividad económica de gran importancia para la economía de Brasil y el resto del mundo. Durante las últimas décadas, los países africanos y asiáticos han aumentado su presencia como productores, aumentando la competencia global y dando lugar a cambios en la participación de Brasil en los mercados extranjeros. En este contexto, este estudio analiza la competitividad del cultivo de cacao brasileño basado en las exportaciones de granos de cacao y productos (polvo y torta de prensa, manteca de cacao y licor de cacao). Para ello, se calcularon indicadores de comercio exterior para el período de 1996 a 2016, en forma de: ventaja comparativa revelada (RCA); relación de cobertura (CR); e índice de contribución de la balanza comercial (TBCI). Los datos mostraron que, desde 1997, Brasil pasó de ser un exportador para importar granos de cacao, como resultado de la caída significativa en la producción y productividad de la agricultura del estado de Bahía, el mayor exportador e importador de granos de cacao en Brasil. En varios años, las exportaciones de manteca de cacao representaron la mayor contribución al comercio exterior. En general, los indicadores mostraron el pobre desempeño competitivo de Brasil en el mercado internacional de granos y productos de cacao. El país perdió participación de mercado y sufrió la mayor pérdida de competitividad en la exportación de dichos productos. Es necesario formular estrategias competitivas para apoyar a la industria del cacao a fin de aumentar su participación en el mercado mundial. Esto podría implicar la conquista de mercados más dinámicos o poco explotados, principalmente para productos de cacao que ofrecen un mayor valor agregado.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Cocoa farming was and still is an economic activity of great importance for the economy of Brazil and the rest of the world. During the last few decades, African and Asian countries have increased their presence as producers, increasing global competition and leading to changes in Brazil&#8217;s participation in foreign markets. In this context, this study analyzes the competitiveness of Brazilian cocoa farming based on exports of cocoa beans and products (powder and press cake, cocoa butter and cocoa liquor).To do so, foreign trade indicators were calculated for the period from 1996 to 2016, in the form of: revealed comparative advantage (RCA); coverage ratio (CR); and trade balance contribution index (TBCI). The data showed that, from 1997, Brazil has moved from being an exporter to import cocoa beans, as a result of the significant drop in production and productivity of the agriculture of the state of Bahia, the largest exporter and importer of cocoa beans in Brazil. In several years, exports of cocoa butter accounted for the greatest contribution to foreign trade. In general, the indicators showed the poor competitive performance of Brazil in the international market of cocoa beans and products.The country lost market share and suffered the greatest loss of competitiveness in the export of such commodities. There is a need to formulate competitive strategies to support the cocoa industry in order to increase its global market share. This could involve conquering more dynamic or little-exploited markets, mainly for cocoa products which offer higher added value.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Brasil]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[indicadores]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[comercio internacional]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[participación de mercado]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Brazil]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[indicators]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[international trade]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[market-share]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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