<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2007-0705</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Nova scientia]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Nova scientia]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2007-0705</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de La Salle Bajío A. C., Coordinación de Investigación]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2007-07052018000100442</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21640/ns.v10i20.1081</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Factores, condiciones y contexto del emprendimiento cultural]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Factors, conditions and context of cultural entrepreneurship]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oliva Abarca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jesús Eduardo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León Facultad de Artes Visuales ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Monterrey]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>20</numero>
<fpage>442</fpage>
<lpage>464</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2007-07052018000100442&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2007-07052018000100442&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2007-07052018000100442&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen:  Introducción: La figura del emprendedor está adquiriendo un papel central en la economía creativa. Aunque son usualmente caracterizados como los iniciadores de proyectos comerciales, los emprendedores hacen acto de presencia también en la escena cultural. Tal fenómeno ha atraído la atención tanto de académicos como de políticos, quienes ven en el emprendimiento cultural una alternativa laboral para los graduados y los profesionales involucrados en la producción cultural, sea como artistas o escritores, o como promotores, administradores o comerciantes de bienes culturales. Si bien, el emprendimiento cultural es una práctica frecuente en las economías más desarrolladas, en los países en desarrollo, como México, es un proceso emergente. Por ello, era pertinente una investigación para comprender las formas de organización y de operación de los emprendedores culturales. Tal estudio se limitó al análisis local de los emprendedores culturales dedicados a las artes visuales, la producción audiovisual y el diseño gráfico en el estado mexicano de Nuevo León. La investigación se estructuró en torno a la siguiente pregunta de investigación: ¿Cómo se establecen, se organizan y operan las iniciativas emprendedoras en artes visuales, producción audiovisual y diseño gráfico en Nuevo León?  Método: El propósito de este estudio fue el de comprender las actividades de los emprendedores culturales en el estado mexicano de Nuevo León. Para llevar a cabo este objetivo, fue necesario interactuar con los individuos elegidos para la investigación, por lo tanto, la aproximación más adecuada fue a través del método cualitativo. El diseño de investigación elegido fue el estudio de caso intrínseco, enfatizando la descripción del fenómeno analizado. Los participantes fueron seleccionados con base en tres criterios generales: el primero relativo a la experiencia profesional de los emprendedores culturales; el segundo incluye las características sociodemográficas de los posibles participantes; y el último criterio se refiere a la duración y estabilidad de las iniciativas emprendedoras. Para la recolección de datos se emplearon entrevistas individuales a profundidad. Toda la información obtenida fue clasificada en tres tópicos generales que atañen a las formas de establecimiento, organización y operación de los emprendedores culturales locales.  Resultados: Los resultados fueron categorizados en tres temas principales: el primero versa sobre la constitución de las iniciativas culturales, que incluyen los motivos, las expectativas y los recursos de inicio de los emprendedores entrevistados. El segundo tópico se refiere a la organización de sus proyectos, que concierne a la estructura de las iniciativas de los participantes. El tercer tópico se refiere a sus formas de operación, que comprende las actividades principales y las prácticas de promoción de los emprendedores culturales.  Conclusión: El incremento de iniciativas culturales independientes en el estado mexicano de Nuevo León se debe a la necesidad de generar nuevos canales y espacios orientados a la producción cultural emergente.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract:  Introduction: The entrepreneur is becoming a central figure in the creative economy. Usually characterized as the initiators of commercial ventures, entrepreneurs are also present in the cultural scene. Nowadays, there is a global increase of independent cultural initiatives. Such phenomenon has attracted the attention of both academics and politicians. Cultural entrepreneurship is proposed as a working alternative for the graduates and the professionals who are involved in the cultural production, either as artists or writers, or as cultural promoters, managers, or cultural merchandisers. Although cultural entrepreneurship is a frequent practice in developed economies, in developing countries, such as México, it is an emerging process. Therefore, an inquiry about cultural entrepreneurs was necessary in order to comprehend their organizational and working ways. This study was limited to a local analysis of cultural entrepreneurs in visual arts, audiovisual production, and graphic design in the Mexican state of Nuevo Leon. The study was structured on the basis of the following research question: how is an entrepreneurial initiative in visual arts, audiovisual production and graphic design established, organized, and operated in the Mexican state of Nuevo Leon?  Method: The purpose of this study was to comprehend the activities of cultural entrepreneurs in the Mexican state of Nuevo Leon. To fulfill this objective, interaction with the research subjects was necessary, so the most suited approach was the qualitative method. The research design for this study was the intrinsic case study, with emphasis on the description of the phenomenon examined. The research participants were selected according to three main criteria: the first one referred to the professional experience of the cultural entrepreneurs. The second one was the sociodemographic characteristics of prospective participants. The last criterion involved the lifespan of the initiatives of the cultural entrepreneurs. The research strategy employed was the in-depth individual interview. All the information collected was classified into three main topics that refer to the establishment, the organization and the ways of operation of the local cultural entrepreneurs.  Results: The research results were categorized into three main topics: the first one is the constitution of the cultural initiatives, a theme which comprises the motives, the expectations and the starting resources of the cultural entrepreneurs interviewed. The second topic refers to the organization of their projects, which consists of the structure of the initiatives of the cultural entrepreneurs. The third topic refers to their operational modes, which includes the main activities of the cultural entrepreneurs and their promotional practices.  Conclusion: The increase of independent cultural initiatives in the Mexican state of Nuevo Leon is due to the need to generate new channels and spaces for emerging cultural production.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[emprendimiento]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[emprendedores culturales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[iniciativa empresarial]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[producción cultural]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[promoción cultural]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[entrepreneurship]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[cultural entrepreneurs]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[cultural production]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[cultural promotion]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[entrepreneurial initiative]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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