Automatic Extraction of Semantic Valences of Verbs from Explanatory Dictionaries

Noé Alejandro Castro-Sánchez* y Grigori Sidorov**

Los autores trabajan en el Centro de Investigación en Computación, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México DF (email: *noe.acastro@gmail.com, **sidorov@cic.ipn.mx).

Manuscrito recibido el 14 de febrero de 2012. ]]> manuscrito aceptado el 7 de mayo de 2012.

Resumen

En este trabajo se propone el uso de métodos simbólicos para la extracción de las valencias semánticas de verbos describiéndolas bajo el concepto de patrones de rección de la teoría Significado ⇔ Texto. El método se basa en el procesamiento automático de las definiciones de verbos contenidas en diccionarios explicativos y en el análisis de relaciones semánticas, principalmente de inclusión y de sinonimia, establecidas entre ellos. Partimos de la hipótesis de que las definiciones lexicográficas existentes en diccionarios explicativos deben proporcionar la suficiente información para identificar los actantes de verbos. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que, a pesar de que en muchas de las definiciones no es posible encontrar información relativa a la estructura argumental de los verbos, es posible deducirla identificando y analizando las definiciones con las que existan relaciones sinonímicas y de inclusión.

Palabras clave: Actantes, sinónimos, marcos de subcategorización, valencias, diccionarios explicativos.

Abstract

In this work we propose the application of symbolic methods for extraction of semantic valences of the verbs describing them under the Government Pattern concept of the Meaning ⇔Text Theory. The method is based on the automatic processing of the definitions of verbs used in Explanatory Dictionaries and the analysis of semantic relationships, as inclusion and synonymy, given among them. We believe that lexicographic definitions of Explanatory Dictionaries supply enough information for identifying verb actants. The obtained results show that even when it is not possible to find information related to the argument structure of verbs in the definitions, it is possible to deduce it identifying and analyzing other definitions which semantic relationships are established.

Key words: Actants, synonyms, subcategorization frames, valences, explanatory dictionaries.

AGRADECIMIENTOS

El trabajo fue realizado con el apoyo parcial del gobierno de México (proyectos CONACYT 50206-H y 83270, SNI) e Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México (proyectos SIP 20111146, 20113295, 20120418, COFAA, PIFI), Gobierno del DF (ICYT-DF proyecto PICCO10-120) y la Comisión Europea (proyecto 269180).

REFERENCIAS

[1] Ch. Aone and D. MacKee, "Acquiring Predicate-Argument Mapping Information from Multilingual Texts," in Corpus processing for lexical acquisition, 191-202, 1996.         [ Links ]

[2] J. Atserias, B. Casas, E. Comelles, M. Gonzáles, and L. Padró, "FreeLing 1.3: Syntactic and Semantic Services in an Open-Source NLP Library," in Fifth international conference on Language Resources and Evaluation, Genoa, Italy nlp/freeling, http://www.lsi.upc.edu/nlp/freeling, 2006.         [ Links ]

[3] I. Bolshakov, A. Gelbukh, Computational Linguistics: Models, Resources, Applications, 2004.         [ Links ]

[4] M. Brent, "Automatic acquisition of subcategorization frames from untagged text," in Proceedings of the 29th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, Berkeley, CA., pp. 209-214, 1991.         [ Links ]

[5] M. Brent, "From grammar to lexicon: unsupervised learning of lexical syntax," Computational Linguistics 19(3): 243-262, 1993.         [ Links ]

[6] M. Cordero, "Diccionario de la lengua española secundaria (DILES): Planta para su elaboración con algunos apuntes básicos de metalexicografía," Káñina, Rev. Artes y Letras, Univ. Costa Rica. XXXI (1): 167-195, ISSN: 0378-0473, 2007.         [ Links ]

[7] R. Dale, H. Moisl, and H. Somers. Handbook of Natural Language Processing, ISBN: 0-8247-9000-6, 2000.         [ Links ]

[8] Diccionario de la Lengua Española, Edición vigésimo segunda. www.rae.es, 2001.         [ Links ]

[9] J. Fernández, Rektion. Rección/Régimen. http://culturitalia.uibk.ac.at, Hispanoteca, 2002.         [ Links ]

[10] S. Fujita and F. Bond, "An Automatic Method of Creating Valency Entries using Plain Bilingual Dictionaries," in The tenth conference on theoretical and methodological issues in machine translation, Baltimore, Maryland, pp. 55-64, 2004.         [ Links ]

[11] S. Gahl, "Automatic extraction of subcorpora based on subcategorization frames from a part-of-speech tagged corpus," in Proc. of the 36th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics and 17th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Montreal, Canada., pp. 428-432, 1998.         [ Links ]

[12] A. Gelbukh, O. Kolesnikova. Semantic Analysis of Verbal Collocations with Lexical Functions. Studies in Computational Intelligence, N 414, Springer, 2012.         [ Links ]

[13] D. Ienco, S. Villata., and C. Bosco, "Automatic Extraction of Subcategorization Frames for Italian," in International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation LREC, 2008.         [ Links ]

[14] S. Kahane, "Meaning-text theory," in Ágel, Vilmos et al. (eds.): Dependency and Valency. An International Handbook of Contemporary Research. Berlin, 2003.         [ Links ]

[15] D. Kawahara and S. Kurohashi, "Case frame compilation from the web using high-performance computing," in Proceedings of LREC2006, 2006.         [ Links ]

[16] C. Manning, "Automatic acquisition of a large subcategorization dictionary from corpora," in Proceedings of the 31st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, Columbus, Ohio, pp. 235-242, 1993.         [ Links ]

[17] S. Marinov and C. Hamming, Automatic Extraction of Subcategorization Frames from the Bulgarian Tree Bank, 2004.         [ Links ]

[18] A. Mendikoetxea, "En busca de los primitivos léxicos y su realización sintáctica: del léxico a la sintaxis y viceversa," 2° Xarxa Temática de Gramática Teórica, Barcelona, UAB, 2004.         [ Links ]

[19] J. Monedero, J. González, J. Goñi, C. Iglesias, and A. Nieto, "Obtención automática de marcos de subcategorización verbal a partir de texto etiquetado: el sistema SOAMAS," Procesamiento del lenguaje natural, boletín 17, 1995.         [ Links ]

[20] D. Roland, D. Jurafsky, "How Verb Subcategorization Frequencies Are Affected By Corpus Choice," in Proc. of COLING/ACL-98, pp. 1122- 1128, 1998.         [ Links ]

[21] D. Roland and D. Jurafsky, "Verb Sense and Verb Subcategorization Probabilities," in Stevenson, Suzanne, and Paola Merlo (eds.), The Lexical Basis of Sentence Processing: Formal, Computational, and Experimental Issues. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, pp. 325-346, 2002.         [ Links ]

[22] S. Sabine, "The Induction of Verb Frames and Verb Classes from Corpora," in Corpus Linguistics. An International Handbook. Anke Lüdeling and Merja Kyto (eds). Mouton de Gruyter, Berlin, pp. 952-972. eBook lSBN: 978-3-11-021388-1. Print ISBN: 978-3-11-020733-0, 2009.         [ Links ]

[23] A. Sarkar and D. Zeman, "Automatic Extraction of Subcategorization Frames for Czech," in Proc. of the 18th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, 2000.         [ Links ]

[24] A. Séreny, E. Simon, and A. Babarczy, "Automatic Acquisition of Hungarian Subcategorization Frames," in 9th International Symposium of Hungarian Researchers on Computational Intelligence and Informatics CINTI, 2008.         [ Links ]

[25] L. Tesniére, Elements de syntaxe structurale (Elementos de sintaxis estructural) 1959.         [ Links ]

[26] A. Ushioda, D. Evans, T. Gibson, and A. Waibel, "The automatic acquisition of frequencies of verb subcategorization frames from tagged corpora," in Boguraev, B. and Pustejovsky, J. eds. SIGLEX ACL Workshop on the Acquisition of Lexical Knowledge from Text. Columbus, Ohio, pp. 95-106, 1993.         [ Links ]

[27] E. Uzun, Y. Kilicaslan, H.V. Agun, and E. Ufar, "Web-based Acquisition of Subcategorization Frames for Turkish," in Computational Intelligence: Methods and Applications, IEEE Computational Intelligence Society, 2008.         [ Links ]