<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1870-9044</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Polibits]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Polibits]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1870-9044</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Innovación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Cómputo]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1870-90442010000200008</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Mixing Theory of Retroviruses and Genetic Algorithm to Build a New Nature-Inspired Meta-Heuristic for Real-Parameter Function Optimization Problems]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moreira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Renato Simões]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Teixeira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Otávio Noura]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oliveira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Roberto Célio Limão de]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade Federal do Pará Instituto de Tecnologia ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Belém PA]]></addr-line>
<country>Brasil</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro Universitário do Pará Laboratório de Computação Natural ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Belém PA]]></addr-line>
<country>Brasil</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2010</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2010</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>42</numero>
<fpage>65</fpage>
<lpage>70</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1870-90442010000200008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1870-90442010000200008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1870-90442010000200008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[This paper describes the development of a new hybrid meta-heuristic of optimization based on a viral lifecycle, specifically the retroviruses (the nature's swiftest evolvers), called Retroviral Iterative Genetic Algorithm (RIGA). This algorithm uses Genetics Algorithms (GA) structures with features of retroviral replication, providing a great genetic diversity, confirmed by better results achieved by RIGA comparing with GA applied to some Real-Valued Benchmarking Functions.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Evolutionary computation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[genetic algorithm]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[viruses]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[retroviruses]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[hybrid metaheuristic]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="4"><b>Mixing Theory of Retroviruses and Genetic Algorithm to Build a New Nature&#150;Inspired Meta&#150;Heuristic for Real&#150;Parameter Function Optimization Problems</b></font></p >     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p >    <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Renato Sim&otilde;es Moreira<sup>1</sup>, Ot&aacute;vio Noura Teixeira<sup>2</sup>, and Roberto C&eacute;lio Lim&atilde;o de Oliveira<sup>1</sup></b></font></p >    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p >    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i><sup>1</sup> PPGEE&#150;ITEC, Universidade Federal do Par&aacute; (UFPA), Bel&eacute;m, PA, Brasil.</i> (<a href="mailto:renatosm@gmail.com">renatosm@gmail.com</a>; <a href="mailto:limao@ufpa.br">limao@ufpa.br</a>).</font></p >    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i><sup>2</sup> Laborat&oacute;rio de Computa&ccedil;&atilde;o Natural (LCN), Centro Universit&aacute;rio do Par&aacute; (CESUPA), Bel&eacute;m, PA, Brasil; Movimento Evolucion&aacute;rio e Cooperativo para a Constru&ccedil;&atilde;o do Artificial (MEC2A), Bel&eacute;m, PA, Brasil; PPGEE&#150;ITEC, Universidade Federal do Par&aacute; (UFPa), Bel&eacute;m, PA, Brasil.</i> (<a href="mailto:onoura@gmail.com">onoura@gmail.com</a>).</font></p >    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p >    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Manuscript received May 7, 2010.     <br> Manuscript accepted for publication August 29, 2010.</font></p >    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p >    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Abstract </b></font></p >    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">This paper describes the development of a new hybrid meta&#150;heuristic of optimization based on a viral lifecycle, specifically the retroviruses (the nature's swiftest evolvers), called Retroviral Iterative Genetic Algorithm (RIGA). This algorithm uses Genetics Algorithms (GA) structures with features of retroviral replication, providing a great genetic diversity, confirmed by better results achieved by RIGA comparing with GA applied to some Real&#150;Valued Benchmarking Functions.</font></p >    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Key words: </b>Evolutionary computation, genetic algorithm, viruses, retroviruses, hybrid metaheuristic.</font></p >    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p >    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><a href="/pdf/poli/n42/n42a8.pdf" target="_blank">DESCARGAR ART&Iacute;CULO EN FORMATO PDF</a></font></p >    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p >    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>REFERENCES</b></font></p >    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&#91;1&#93; J. Carter and V. Saunders, <i>Virology Principles and Applications. </i>John Wiley &amp; Sons ltd., England, 2007.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=6044881&pid=S1870-9044201000020000800001&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --> </font></p >    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&#91;2&#93; R. L. Haupt and S. E. Haupt, <i>Practical Genetic Algorithms. </i>John Wiley &amp; Sons ltd., England, 1998.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=6044883&pid=S1870-9044201000020000800002&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --> </font></p >    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&#91;3&#93; S. Hogg, <i>Essential Microbiology. </i>John Wiley &amp; Sons ltd., England, 2005.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=6044885&pid=S1870-9044201000020000800003&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p >    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&#91;4&#93; A. Agut, "Um Sistema Estrat&eacute;gico De Reprodu&ccedil;&atilde;o," <i>Scientific American </i><i>Brasil, </i>Edi&ccedil;&atilde;o Especial, N. 28, p. 14&#150;19, S&atilde;o Paulo, 2009 </font></p >    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=6044887&pid=S1870-9044201000020000800004&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&#91;5&#93; R. Linden. <i>Algoritmos Gen&eacute;ticos 1. </i>Ed. Rio De Janeiro: Brasport 2006.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=6044888&pid=S1870-9044201000020000800005&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p >    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&#91;6&#93; A. Guedes, J. Leite, D. Aloise, "Um Algoritmo Gen&eacute;tico Com Infec&ccedil;&atilde;o Viral Para O Problema Do Caixeiro Viajante," <i>Revista PublICa</i>,Ano IV, vol 4, 2005.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=6044890&pid=S1870-9044201000020000800006&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p >    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&#91;7&#93; P. Suganthan, N. Hansen, J. Liang, K. Deb, Y. Chen, A. Auger, S. Tiwari, "Problem Definitions and Evaluation Criteria For The Cec 2005 Special Session On Real&#150;Parameter Optimization," <i>Technical Report, </i>Nanyang Technological University, Singapore and Kangal Report Number 2005005 (Kanpur Genetic Algorithms Laboratory, lit Kanpur), 2005.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=6044892&pid=S1870-9044201000020000800007&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p >    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&#91;8&#93; M. Mitchell, <i>An Introduction to Genetic Algorithms. </i>MIT Press, 1999.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=6044894&pid=S1870-9044201000020000800008&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p >    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&#91;9&#93; L. Villarreal, "Virus S&atilde;o Seres Vivos?" <i>Scientific American Brasil, </i>Edi&ccedil;&atilde;o Especial, n. 28, p. 21&#150;24. S&atilde;o Paulo, 2009.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=6044896&pid=S1870-9044201000020000800009&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p >    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&#91;10&#93; N. Kubota and T. Fukuda and K. Shimojima, "Virus&#150;evolutionary genetic algorithm for a self&#150;organizing manufacturing system," <i>Computers &amp; Industrial Engineering, </i>vol 30, pp. 1015&#150;1026, 1996.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=6044898&pid=S1870-9044201000020000800010&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p >     ]]></body><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saunders]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Virology Principles and Applications]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[John Wiley & Sons ltd.]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Haupt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Haupt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Practical Genetic Algorithms]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[John Wiley & Sons ltd.]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hogg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Essential Microbiology]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[John Wiley & Sons ltd.]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Agut]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Um Sistema Estratégico De Reprodução]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Scientific American Brasil]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<numero>28</numero>
<issue>28</issue>
<page-range>14-19</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[São Paulo ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<source><![CDATA[Algoritmos Genéticos 1]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Rio De Janeiro ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Brasport]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guedes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leite]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aloise]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Um Algoritmo Genético Com Infecção Viral Para O Problema Do Caixeiro Viajante]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista PublICa]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>4</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Suganthan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hansen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Deb]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Auger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tiwari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Problem Definitions and Evaluation Criteria For The Cec 2005 Special Session On Real-Parameter Optimization]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Technical Report, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore and Kangal Report Number 2005005]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Kanpur Genetic Algorithms Laboratorylit Kanpur]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mitchell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[An Introduction to Genetic Algorithms]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[MIT Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villarreal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Virus São Seres Vivos?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Scientific American Brasil]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<numero>28</numero>
<issue>28</issue>
<page-range>21-24</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[São Paulo ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kubota]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fukuda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shimojima]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Virus-evolutionary genetic algorithm for a self-organizing manufacturing system]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Computers & Industrial Engineering]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<page-range>1015-1026</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
