<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1870-6916</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Tla-melaua]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Tla-melaua]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1870-6916</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Facultad de Derecho y Ciencias Sociales]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1870-69162019000200368</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Globalization through Oil and Gas: Central Asia&#8217;s Predicament]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Globalización a través del petróleo y el gas: el predicamento de Asia Central]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jafalian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Annie]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Université de Lyon  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Francia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>47</numero>
<fpage>368</fpage>
<lpage>392</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1870-69162019000200368&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1870-69162019000200368&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1870-69162019000200368&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Ever since Central Asian republics became independent after the collapse of the Soviet Union, oil and gas resources have been instrumental in helping them take part in the process of globalization. This article provides an overview of the way this has created both opportunities for and obstacles to political change in the region. The first part investigates the relationship between oil, gas, and state-building in the new geopolitical context that emerged in the 1990s. The second part examines the geo-economic opportunities created in the 2000s to unlock the area through regional energy cooperation. The third and last part assesses the impact of oil and gas revenues on domestic policy and transition to democracy in the 2010s. In short, with agreements on oil and gas extraction, production and export, Central Asian republics have succeeded in gaining political visibility on the international stage, and in improving their position in the global economy. But at the same time, Central Asian leaders have resisted political reforms and strengthened their authoritarian regimes, thereby creating the risks of growing political dissent and instability in the region.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Desde que las repúblicas de Asia Central se independizaron ante el colapso de la Unión Soviética, los recursos de petróleo y gas han sido fundamentales para integrarse a la globalización. Este artículo proporciona una visión general de la forma en que esto ha creado oportunidades y obstáculos para el cambio político en la región. La primera parte investiga la relación entre el petróleo, el gas y la construcción del estado en el nuevo contexto geopolítico que surgió en la década de 1990. La segunda parte examina las oportunidades geoeconómicas creadas en la década de 2000-2010 para desbloquear el área a través de la cooperación energética regional. La tercera y última parte evalúa el impacto de los ingresos del petróleo y el gas en la política interna y la transición a la democracia después de 2010. En resumen, con acuerdos sobre extracción, producción y exportación de petróleo y gas, las repúblicas de Asia Central han logrado ganar presencia política en el escenario internacional y mejorar su posición en la economía global. Pero al mismo tiempo, los líderes de Asia Central se han resistido a las reformas políticas y han fortalecido sus regímenes autoritarios, creando así los riesgos de una creciente disidencia política e inestabilidad en la región.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Central Asia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[oil]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[gas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[globalization]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[cooperation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[democratization]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[risks]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Asia Central]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[petróleo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[gas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[globalización]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cooperación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[democratización]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[riesgos]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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