<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1870-6622</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[EconoQuantum]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[EconoQuantum]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1870-6622</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Guadalajara]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1870-66222023000100083</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18381/eq.v20i1.7300</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The economic costs of insecurity on businesses in Mexico: A general equilibrium perspective]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Los costos económicos de la inseguridad en las empresas en México: una perspectiva de equilibrio general]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chapa Cantú]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Joana Cecilia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ayala Gaytán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Edgardo Arturo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Medellín Mendoza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sandra Edith]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Tecnologico de Monterrey  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Tecnologico de Monterrey  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>83</fpage>
<lpage>99</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1870-66222023000100083&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1870-66222023000100083&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1870-66222023000100083&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Objective:  To assess the economic losses for households and firms produced by crime to business in Mexico.  Methodology:  A general equilibrium model of Mexico is built. The costs of business insecurity are introduced as a combination of sales and capital taxes. The rates were calibrated with the Enterprise Survey of the World Bank.  Results:  The loss for insecurity on business in Mexico is in the order of 4 to 5 percent of the GDP.  Limitations:  The modeling does not consider the dynamics of the process nor the cost of insecurity in the primary sector.  Originality:  It is found that if firms can shift the crime tax forward, the household losses become equivalent to a proportional tax. To the extent that firms shift the tax backwards, especially to capital, crime functions as a progressive tax.  Conclusions:  Business insecurity has significant consequences on the Mexican economy.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Objetivo:  Se evalúa la magnitud de las pérdidas económicas para las familias y empresas que ocasiona el crimen en los negocios en México.  Metodología:  Se construye un modelo de equilibrio general de México, introduciendo los costos del crimen a los negocios como una combinación de impuestos a las ventas y a la renta de capital. Las tasas de impuestos se calibran con la Encuesta Empresarial del Banco Mundial.  Resultados:  Las pérdidas por la inseguridad de las empresas se ubican entre 4 y 5% del PIB.  Limitaciones:  La modelización no considera la dinámica del proceso ni el costo de la inseguridad en el sector primario.  Originalidad:  Se contribuye a la literatura, mostrando que, si las empresas trasladan los costos del crimen hacia delante, las pérdidas de las familias son equivalentes a un impuesto proporcional. Si las empresas los transfieran hacia atrás, especialmente al capital, el crimen funciona como un impuesto progresivo.  Conclusiones:  La inseguridad en los negocios tiene consecuencias significativas en la economía mexicana.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Crime]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Insecurity costs]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[General equilibrium models]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[México]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[D58]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[C68]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[D74]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Crimen]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Costos de inseguridad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Modelos de equilibrio general]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[México]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[D58]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[C68]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[D74]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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