<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1870-6622</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[EconoQuantum]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[EconoQuantum]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1870-6622</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Guadalajara]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1870-66222020000200057</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18381/eq.v17i2.7151</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Analysis of the environmental Kuznets curve in the NAFTA Countries, 1971-2014]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Análisis de la curva ambiental de Kuznets en los países del TLCAN, 1971-2014]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mario]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José Carlos]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo Economic and Business Research Institute ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo Economic and Business Research Institute ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>57</fpage>
<lpage>79</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1870-66222020000200057&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1870-66222020000200057&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1870-66222020000200057&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract:  Objetive  This paper analyzes the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) for the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) countries during 1971-2014.  Methodology  In this regard, unit root, co-integration, and causality tests are applied making use of the data panel approach.  Results  Results suggest that the series in this research are integrated of order one, and a long-run relationship among variables is observed. Besides, the EKC hypothesis is confirmed. In addition, the analysis shows that renewable energy and trade openness contribute to reducing pollution in these countries.  Limitations/implications  Further research should be done to include other variables such as financial development and human capital.  Originality/value  The present paper contributes to understanding the relationship between trade openness and renewable energy consumption, on the one hand, and pollution, on the other.  Conclusions:  Policies concerned to trade openness and environmental issues should consider renewable energy and trade to reduce pollutant emissions in these countries.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen:  Objetivo (s)  Este artículo analiza la curva ambiental de Kuznets (EKC) para los países del Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte (TLCAN) durante 1971-2014.  Metodología  En el trabajo se aplican pruebas de raíz unitaria, cointegración y causalidad haciendo uso de la metodología de datos panel.  Resultados  Los resultados de este trabajo sugieren que las series son integradas de orden uno y que relación a largo plazo entre las variables. Además, se confirma la hipótesis EKC. El análisis sen&#771;ala que la energía renovable y la apertura comercial contribuyen a la reducción de la contaminación en estos países.  Limitaciones/implicaciones  Los resultados sugieren la necesidad de llevar a cabo más investigaciones que incluyan otras variables como desarrollo financiero o capital humano.  Originalidad/valor  El presente artículo contribuye a entender la relación que existe entre la apertura comercial y el consumo de energía renovable, por un lado, y la contaminación, por el otro.  Conclusiones:  Las políticas relacionadas con la apertura comercial y ambientales podrían considerar que las energías renovables y el comercio ayudan a reducir las emisiones contaminantes en estos países.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Causality]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[co-integration]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[environmental Kuznets curve]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[pollution]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[renewable energy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[C23]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Q50]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Causalidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cointegración]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[curva ambiental de Kuznets]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[contaminación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[energías renovables]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[C23]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Q50]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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