<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1870-6622</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[EconoQuantum]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[EconoQuantum]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1870-6622</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Guadalajara]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1870-66222019000100103</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18381/eq.v16i1.7157</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Estimadores encogidos en modelos de ecuaciones simultáneas para el análisis del mercado de carne de bovino en México]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Shrinkage estimators in simultaneous equation models for the analysis of the beef market in México]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María del Rosario]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez Valverde]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gustavo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez Valverde]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Benito]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Terrazas González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gerardo H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Colegio de Postgraduados  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Montecillo ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Colegio de Postgraduados  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Montecillo ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Colegio de Postgraduados  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Puebla]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Nacional para la Evaluación de la Educación  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>16</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>103</fpage>
<lpage>123</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1870-66222019000100103&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1870-66222019000100103&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1870-66222019000100103&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen El objetivo principal en este trabajo fue usar regresión LASSO (Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator) como método de selección de instrumentos en la estimación de mínimos cuadrados en dos etapas (MC2E) en un sistema de ecuaciones simultáneas propuesto para realizar un análisis econométrico del mercado de carne de bovino en México en el periodo 1972-2011. Un factor determinante en el desempeño de los estimadores es el grado de correlación de los instrumentos con las variables endógenas en la primera etapa. Cuando los instrumentos son débiles, los estimadores de MC2E son inconsistentes, sesgados, y tienen varianzas grandes; los resultados asintóticos fallan incluso con muestras grandes. Los resultados muestran que mediante LASSO es posible seleccionar instrumentos relevantes, y obtener mejores estimadores que redunden en un mejor diseño de políticas.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The main objective in this work was to use LASSO regression (Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator) as a method of instrument selection in the estimation of two-stage least squares (MC2E) in a system of simultaneous equations proposed to perform an econometric analysis of the market of beef in Mexico in the period 1972-2011. A determining factor in the performance of the estimators is the degree of correlation of the instruments with the endogenous variables in the first stage. When the instruments are weak, the MC2E estimators are inconsistent, biased, and with large variances; Asymptotic results fail even with large samples. The results show that using LASSO can select relevant instruments, and have better estimators that result in a better policy design.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Instrumentos débiles]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[regresión LASSO]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[mínimos cuadrados en dos etapas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[C30]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[C61]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[C13]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Weak instruments]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[LASSO regression]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[two stage least squares]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[C30]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[C61]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[C13]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Selecting instrumental variables in a data rich environment]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Time Series Econometrics]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Belloni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chernozhukov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hansen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sparse models and methods for optimal instruments with an application to eminent domain]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Econométrica]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>80</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>2369-429</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Belloni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chernozhukov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hansen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Inference for high- dimensional sparse econometric models]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ Advances in Economics and Econometrics, 10th World Congress of Econometric Society]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc> </conf-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Callejas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aranda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rebollar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De la Fuente]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Situación económica de la producción de bovinos de carne en el estado de Chihuahua, México]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Agronomía Mesoamericana]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>133-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cruz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El mercado de la carne bovina en México, 1970-2011]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Colegio de Postgraduados]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cruz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. R. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El mercado de la carne de bovino en México, 1970-2011]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Estudios Sociales]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>43</numero>
<issue>43</issue>
<page-range>87-110</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Donald]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Newey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Choosing the number of instruments]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Econométrica]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>69</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>1161-91</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Efron]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. H. T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Johnstone]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tibshirani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Least angle regression]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Annals of Statistics Institute of Mathematical Statistics]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>32</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>407-99</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Fideicomisos Instituidos en Relación con la Agricultura-FIRA</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Panorama Agroalimentario: Carne de bovino 2017]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Frankel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Romer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Does trade cause growth?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[American Economic Review]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>89</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>379-99</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gujarati]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Porter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Econometría]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Mc GrawHill]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hastie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tibshirani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Friedman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The elements of statistical learning data mining, inference, and prediction]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[EE.UU. ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Springer]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hoerl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kennard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ridge regression: Biased estimation for nonorthogonal problems]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Technometrics]]></source>
<year>1970</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>55-67</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lockhart]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Taylor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tibshirani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tibshirani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A significance test for the lasso]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Annals of Statistics]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>42</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>413-68</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Institute of Mathematical Statistics]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miguel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Satyanath]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sergenti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[An instrumental variables approach source]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Political Economy]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>112</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>725-53</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Okui]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Instrumental variable estimation in the presence of many moment conditions]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Econometrics]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>165</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>70-86</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Puebla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rebollar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guzmán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Factores determinantes de la oferta regional de carne bovina en México, 1994-2013]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Región y Sociedad]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>72</numero>
<issue>72</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Secretaría de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural-SAGARPA</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Escenario Base 09-18. Proyecciones para el sector agropecuario en México]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shea]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Instrument relevance in multivariate linear models: A simple measure]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Review of Economics and Statistics]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>79</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>348-52</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Staiger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stock]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Instrumental variables regression with weak instruments]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Econométrica]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>65</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>557-86</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stock]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Watson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Introduction to econometrics]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Boston, MA, EE.UU. ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Addison Wesley]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stock]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wright]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yogo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A survey of weak instruments and weak identification in generalized method of moments]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Business and Economic Statistics]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[American Statistical Association Journal of Business &amp; Economic Statistics]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stock]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yogo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Testing for weak instruments in linear IV regression]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[EE.UU. ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Department of Economics/Harvard University/ National Bureau of Economic Research]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tibshirani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Regression shrinkage and selection via the Lasso]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of the Royal Statistical Society]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>58</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>267-88</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
