<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1870-4654</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Anuario mexicano de derecho internacional]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Anu. Mex. Der. Inter]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1870-4654</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Investigaciones Jurídicas]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1870-46542017000100469</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[El estado de necesidad en el arbitraje de inversión: su invocación consuetudinaria y convencional en los arbitrajes Enron, Sempra, CMS, LG&amp;E y Continental ante el Centro Internacional de Arreglo de Diferencias relativas a Inversiones (CIADI)]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[State of Necessity in Investment Arbitration: Customary and Conventional Invocation of Necessity in the Enron, Sempra, CMS, LG&amp;E and Continental ICSID Arbitrations]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García Matamoros]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Laura Victoria]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arévalo Ramírez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Walter]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad del Rosario  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad del Rosario  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>17</volume>
<fpage>469</fpage>
<lpage>512</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1870-46542017000100469&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1870-46542017000100469&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1870-46542017000100469&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: Este artículo pretende evidenciar el renovado debate sobre las causales de exclusión de ilicitud en la responsabilidad internacional del Estado en materia de compromisos económicos y, particularmente, realizar un aporte al entendimiento del concepto de estado de necesidad. Para ello, se acude a un conjunto particular de casos en el Centro Internacional de Arreglo de Diferencias Relativas a Inversiones. En este sentido, el análisis jurídico de este trabajo se construye con base en la distinción de la fuente a partir de la cual se invoca el estado de necesidad y en los efectos de esta diferenciación en cuanto a la carga de la prueba de la necesidad, al interés esencial del Estado que se ve afectado, al cálculo de daños y a la anulación de ciertos laudos por la incorrecta aplicación de tal causal.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: The article studies, from the concept of necessity developed by international law, the developing debate of the state of economic necessity and the way it operates as a circumstance precluding wrongfulness in the doctrine of Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts. The article analyses the developments on the topic in the ICSID. The study aims to contribute in the debate on the effectiveness of circumstances precluding wrongfulness in the presence of the State&#8217;s financial commitments and tries to make a contribution to the understanding of &#8220;necessity&#8221;. The article intents to identify the legal effects when invoking the doctrine of necessity, such as the burden of proof of the necessity, the identification of a essential interest of the State that is affected, its effects on the calculation of damages and the annulment of certain awards by the misapplication of such doctrine.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="fr"><p><![CDATA[Résumé: Cet article a pour objectif montrer le débat qui se développe aujourd´hui autour des causes d´exclusion de l´illicéité des faits commis par l´État dans le cadre de compromis économiques et plus précisément contribuer à la compréhension du concept d´État de nécessité. Ainsi, l´analyse juridique de l´article se construit à partir de la distinction des sources qui justifient l´invocation de l´Etat de nécessité et les effets de cette différentiation sur la charge de la preuve de la nécessité, l´intérêt essentiel de l´Etat qui se voit endommagé, le calcul de dommages et l´annulation de certaines décisions arbitrales dut à l´incorrecte application de cette cause.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Centro Internacional de Arreglo de Diferencias relativas a Inversiones]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[estado de necesidad en derecho internacional]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[responsabilidad internacional del Estado por hechos internacionalmente ilícitos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[causales de exclusión de ilicitud]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[tratados bilaterales de inversión]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[state of necessity in international law]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[responsibility of states for internationally wrongful acts]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[circumstances precluding wrongfulness]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[bilateral investment treaties]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[Le centre international pour le règlement des différends relatifs aux investissements (CIRDI)]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[La nécessité en droit international]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[responsabilité de l&#8217;État pour fait internationalement illicite]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[circonstances excluant l&#8217;illicéité]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="fr"><![CDATA[Les traités bilatéraux d&#8217;investissement]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abello]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ricardo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La costumbre como fuente de derecho internacional: una caja imposible de cerrar]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Derecho internacional: varias visiones un maestro. Liber amicorum en Homenaje a Marco Gerardo Monroy Cabra]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Colegio Mayor de Nuestra Señora del Rosario]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ago]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Roberto]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Addendum to the Eighth Report on State Responsibility. UN Doc. A/CN.4/318/Add.5-7, 29 February, 10 and 19 June 1980]]></source>
<year>1980</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[International Law Commission]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Álvarez-Jiménez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alberto]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Foreign Investment Protection and Regulatory Failures as States&#8217; Contribution to the State of Necessity under Customary International Law. A New Approach Based on the Complexity of Argentina&#8217;s 2001 Crisis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of International Arbitration]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arevalo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Walter]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Responsabilidad internacional del Estado por hechos internacionalmente ilícitos: las causales de exclusión de ilicitud, su contenido y escenarios de aplicación]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Derecho internacional: varias visiones un maestro. Liber amicorum en Homenaje a Marco Gerardo Monroy Cabra]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Colegio Mayor de Nuestra Señora del Rosario]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baldwin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Edward]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Limits to Enforcement of ICSID Awards]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of International Arbitration]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boed]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Roman]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[State of Necessity as a Justification for Internationally Wrongful Conduct]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Yale Hum. Rts. &amp; Dev. LJ]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>3</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boyle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alan]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Gab&#269;íkovo-Nagymaros Case: New Law in Old Bottles]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Yearbook of International Environmental Law]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Colacrai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Miryam]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El legado hobbesiano acerca del «estado de naturaleza» en los estudios de relaciones internacionales de Hans Morgenthau y Raymond Aron. Matices y diferencias]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de Historia Actual]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>1</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>Comisión de Derecho Internacional</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Draft Articles on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts with Commentaries]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Yearbook of the International Law Commission]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>II</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cortes Marin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El estado de necesidad en materia económica y financiera]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anuario Español de Derecho Internacional]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>XXV</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Crawford]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[James]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Revising the Draft Articles on State Responsibility]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[European Journal of International Law]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Di Rosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Paolo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Recent Wave of Arbitrations Against Argentina under Bilateral Investment Treaties: Background and Principal Legal Issues]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The University of Miami Inter-American Law Review]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Downs]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[George W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jones]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Michael]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Reputation, Compliance, and International Law]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Journal of Legal Studies]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<numero>^s1</numero>
<issue>^s1</issue>
<supplement>1</supplement>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Falkof]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Greg]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[«State of Necessity» Defence Accepted in LG&amp;E v. Argentina ICSID Tribunal]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Transnational Dispute Management (TDM)]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Forji]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Amin George]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Drawing the Right Lessons from ICSID Jurisprudence on the Doctrine of Necessity]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Arbitration: The International Journal of Arbitration, Mediation and Dispute Management]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>76</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Friedland]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Paul]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brumpton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Paul]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Rabid Redux: The Second Wave of Abusive ICSID Annulments]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[American University International Law Review]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ginsburg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Robert]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Political Risk Insurance and Bilateral Investment Treaties: Making the Connection]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Journal of World Investment &amp; Trade]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goldsmith]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jack L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Posner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eric]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A Theory of Customary International Law]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The University of Chicago Law Review]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez-Robledo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Antonio]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Le ius cogens international: sa genèse, sa nature, ses fonctions]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Recueil des Cours. Académie de Droit International de La Haye]]></source>
<year>1982</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gourgourinis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Anastasios]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[General/Particular International Law and Primary/Secondary Rules: Unitary Terminology of a Fragmented System]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[European Journal of International Law]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heathcote]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sarah]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[State of Necessity]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Oxford Bibliographies Online: International Law]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jacobs]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Becky L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Pesification and Economic Crisis in Argentina: The Moral Hazard Posed by a Politicized Supreme Court]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The University of Miami Inter-American Law Review]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kasenetz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eric David]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Desperate Times Call for Desperate Measures: The Aftermath of Argentina&#8217;s State of Necessity and the Current Fight in the ICSID]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[George Washington International Law Review]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>41</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Dohyun]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Annulment Committee&#8217;s Role in Multiplying Inconsistency in Icsid Arbitration: The Need to Move Away from an Annulment-Based System]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The NYUL Rev]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>86</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Krawiec]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Daniel A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sempra Energy International v. the Argentine Republic: Reaffirming the Rights of Foreign Investors to the Protection of ICSID Arbitration]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Law &amp; Bussiness Review American University]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>15</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kurtz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jürgen]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Adjudging the Exceptional at International Investment Law: Security, Public Order and Financial Crisis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International and Comparative Law Quarterly]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>59</volume>
<numero>02</numero>
<issue>02</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Laursen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Andreas]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Use of Force and (the State of) Necessity]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<page-range>485</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[auterpacht]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Elihu]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bethlehem]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Daniel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Scope and Content of the Principle of Nonrefoulement: Opinion]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Refugee Protection in International Law: UNHCR&#8217;s Global Consultations on International Protection]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Magenis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sean D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Natural Law as the Customary International Law of Self-Defense]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Boston University International Law Journal]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>20</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mancina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Emily F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God: Resurrecting the Odious Debt Doctrine in International Law]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[George Washington International Law Review]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>36</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Elizabeth]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Understanding the Debate over Necessity: Unanswered Questions and Future Implications of Annulments in the Argentine Gas Cases]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Duke J. Comp. &amp; Int&#8217;l L]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>23</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reichert-Facilides]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Daniel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Down the Danube: The Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties and the Case Concerning the Gabcikovo-Nagymaros Project]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International and Comparative Law Quarterly]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>47</volume>
<numero>04</numero>
<issue>04</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reinisch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[August]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Necessity in International Investment Arbitration-An Unnecessary Split of Opinions in Recent ICSID Cases-Comments on CMS v. Argentina and LG&amp;E v. Argentina]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rosell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The CMS Case: A Lesson for the Future?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of International Arbitration]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schill]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Stephan W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[From Calvo to CMS: Burying an International Law Legacy? Argentina&#8217;s Currency Reform in the Face of Investment Protection: The ICSID Case CMS v. Argentina]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Transnational Dispute Management (TDM)]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schreuer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Christoph]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[From ICSID Annulment to Appeal Half Way Down the Slippery Slope]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Law and Practice of International Courts and Tribunals]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shelton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Dinah]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Normative Hierarchy in International Law]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[American Journal of International Law]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shelton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Dinah]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Righting Wrongs: Reparations in the Articles on State Responsibility]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[American Journal of International Law]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sloane]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Robert D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[On the Use and Abuse of Necessity in the Law of State Responsibility]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[American Journal of International Law]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>106</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sommer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Christian G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La aplicación de estándares de protección de inversiones extranjeras. Una mirada desde los casos argentinos]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anuario Colombiano de Derecho Internacional-ACDI]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>6</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sornarajah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Muthucumaraswamy]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[State Responsibility and Bilateral Investment Treaties]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of World Trade]]></source>
<year>1986</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sticca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María Alejandra]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El estado de necesidad como causa de exclusión de ilicitud: el caso Continental c. República Argentina]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anuario-La Ley. Buenos Aires]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Córdoba ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[Tratado entre la República Argentina y los Estados Unidos de América sobre Promoción y Protección Recíproca de Inversiones]]></source>
<year>1991</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>United Nations</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Reports of International Arbitral Awards]]></source>
<year></year>
<volume>III</volume>
<page-range>1405</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[United Nations publication]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Von Staden]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Andreas]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Towards Greater Doctrinal Clarity in Investor-State Arbitration: The CMS, Sempra, and Enron Annulment Decisions]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Czech Yearbook of International Law]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Waibel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Michael]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Two Worlds of Necessity in ICSID Arbitration: CMS and LG&amp;E]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Leiden Journal of International Law]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>03</numero>
<issue>03</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wald]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Arnoldo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Estado de necesidad en Enron, Sempra y CMS: extralimitación manifiesta de las facultades como causal de anulación]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anuario Latinoamericano De Arbitraje, &#8220;Sistema de Anulación de los Laudos CIADI&#8221;]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wald]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Arnoldo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El estado de necesidad en arbitraje del CIADI]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Latin Arbitration Law]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Weiss]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Edith Brown]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Invoking State Responsibility in the Twenty-First Century]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[American Journal of International Law]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wilson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Michael]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Enron v. Argentina Annulment Decision: Moving a Bishop Vertically in the Precarious ICSID System]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The U. Miami Inter-Am. L. Rev]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<numero>43</numero>
<issue>43</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
