<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1870-4115</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista pueblos y fronteras digital]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. pueblos front. digit.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1870-4115</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Centro de Investigaciones Multidisciplinarias sobre Chiapas y la Frontera Sur]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1870-41152018000100206</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22201/cimsur.18704115e.2018.v13.3581</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Estereotipos sobre los chinos en México: de la imagen caricaturesca al meme en internet]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Stereotypes about the Chinese in Mexico: From Caricatured Images to Internet Memes]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lisbona Guillén]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Miguel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez Balam]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Enrique]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>13</volume>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1870-41152018000100206&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1870-41152018000100206&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1870-41152018000100206&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen El artículo muestra la continuidad de los estereotipos negativos creados para identificar a un grupo humano caracterizado por su condición de inmigrante en México, aunque no sea el único país receptor, como es el caso de los chinos en dos momentos distintos de la historia del país. Pero tal prolongación tiene diferencias a la hora de expresarse de manera visual, y es ahí donde las recientes y continuas transformaciones tecnológicas permiten interrogarse sobre la continuidad de las visiones de ciertos grupos humanos, a la vez que se muestran los cambios que se incorporan con las herramientas proporcionadas por las redes sociales del internet.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract This article demonstrates the continuity of the negative stereotypes created to identify Chinese immigrants in two different moments of Mexican history, even though Mexico might not be the only receiving country. However, when this continuity is expressed visually, differences emerge. Recent and ongoing technological transformations allow us to question to what degree there is continuity in the perspectives of groups like these. At the same time, the changes that take place thanks to the tools provided by social networking on the Internet become evident.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[chinos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[estereotipo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[inmigración]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[caricatura]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[meme]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[xenophobia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[discrimination]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[immigration]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[caricature]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[meme]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Argueta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Arturo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El darwinismo en Iberoamérica. Bolivia y México]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Augustine-Adams]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Kif]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Marriage and Mestizaje, Chinese and Mexican: Constitucional Interpretation and Resistance in Sonora, 1921-1935]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Law and History Review]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>419-63</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bar-Tal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Daniel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Formación y cambio de estereotipos étnicos y nacionales. Un modelo integrado]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Psicología Política]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<page-range>21-49</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Tel-Aviv]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bauman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Zygmunt]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Sobre la educación en un mundo líquido: conversaciones con Ricardo Mazzeo]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Barcelona ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Paidós]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ballesteros]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Esmeralda]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Circulación de memes en WhatsApp: ambivalencias del humor desde la perspectiva de género]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[EMPIRIA. Revista de Metodología de Ciencias Sociales]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<page-range>21-45</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Blanco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María Cristina]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El inmigrante como sujeto marginado. Claves interpretativ]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alvite]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Racismo, antirracismo e inmigración]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<page-range>31-60</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[San Sebastián ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Tercera Prensa]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Blumer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Herbert]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El prejuicio racial como sentido de posición de grupo]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Terrén]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Razas en conflicto. Perspectivas sociológicas]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<page-range>183-93</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Barcelona ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Anthropos]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Botton Beja]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Flora]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La persecución de los chinos en México]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Estudios de Asia y África]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>43</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>477-86</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Burke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Peter]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Visto y no visto. El uso de la imagen como documento histórico]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Barcelona ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Crítica]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cantillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carmen]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gil]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Javier]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Los memes en la construcción del discurso del odio en la Red]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cantillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gil]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Comunicación y desarrollo en la sociedad digital: nuevos discursos y viejos valores del poder cultural]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<page-range>11-29</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Sevilla ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Egregius Ediciones]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dawkins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Richard]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El gen egoísta]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Barcelona ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Salvat Editores]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Drakett]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Old jokes, new media- Online sexism and constructions of gender in Internet memes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Feminism &amp; Psychology]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<page-range>109-27</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Elias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Norbert]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scotson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[John]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Establecidos y marginados. Una investigación sociológica sobre problemas comunitarios]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fondo de Cultura Económica]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Espinoza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José Ángel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El problema chino en México]]></source>
<year>1931</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Porrúa]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Espinoza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José Ángel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El ejemplo de Sonora]]></source>
<year>1932</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Flores]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Zenyazen]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[México vive segunda oleada de inmigrantes provenientes de China]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[El Financiero]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García-Canclini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Néstor]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Consumidores y ciudadanos. Conflictos culturales de la globalización]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Grijalbo]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García-Jordán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pilar]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Reflexiones sobre el darwinismo social. Inmigración y colonización, mitos de los grupos modernizadores peruanos (1821-1919)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Bulletin de L&#8217;Institut Francais D&#8217;Etudes Andines]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>961-75</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gaona]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pável M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[¿Son discriminatorios los memes que usan imágenes de indígenas?]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez-Izquierdo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José Jorge]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El movimiento antichino en México (1871-1934). Problemas del racismo y del nacionalismo durante la Revolución Mexicana]]></source>
<year>1991</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez-Izquierdo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José Jorge]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La sinofobia de los mexicanos. Una historia de prejuicios y estereotipos racistas]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ China-México: oportunidades y retos de la economía de la República Popular de China para México]]></conf-name>
<conf-date>12/09/2007</conf-date>
<conf-loc> </conf-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hale]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Charles]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La transformación del liberalismo en México a fines del siglo XIX]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[FCE]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Horst]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Heather A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miller Berg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Daniel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Digital Anthropology]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Berg Publishers]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hu-DeHart]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Evelyn]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Los chinos de Sonora, 1873-1930. La formación de una pequeña burguesía regional]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meyer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salazar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Los inmigrantes en el mundo de los negocios siglos XIX y XX]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<page-range>115-35</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Plaza y Valdés/Conaculta/INAH]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Infobae</collab>
<source><![CDATA[La dura opinión de Umberto Eco sobre las redes sociales: &#8216;Les dan espacio a legiones de idiotas&#8217;]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Johnson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Anne W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Diablos, insurgentes e indios. Poética y política de la historia en el norte de Guerrero]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[INAH]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Johnson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Steven]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Cultura Basura, Cerebros Privilegiados]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Barcelona ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Roca Editorial]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Knight]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alan]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Racismo, revolución e indigenismo: México, 1910-194]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Puebla ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Autónoma de Puebla]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Larios Córdova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Héctor]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[China: ¿amenaza u oportunidad?]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dussel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La relación México-China. Desempeño y propuestas para 2016-2018]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Unión de Universidades de América Latina y el Caribe]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>La Stampa</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Umberto Eco: &#8216;Con i social parola a legioni di imbecilli&#8217;]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lisbona Guillén]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Miguel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Allí donde lleguen las olas del mar&#8230;Pasado y presente de los chinos en Chiapas]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[PROIMMSE-IIA-UNAM/Coneculta/Gobierno del Estado de Chiapas]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Abby]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Los 10 memes chinos más populares de 2012]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez Ramos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ana]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[GlobalVoices]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López-Arévalo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jorge A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodil]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Óscar]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valdez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Saúl]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La irrupción de China en el TLCAN: efectos sobre el comercio intra-industrial]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Economía UNAM]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>31</numero>
<issue>31</issue>
<page-range>84-113</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sergio E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dussel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Enrique]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La diáspora china en México. Asociaciones chinas en el Distrito Federal, Mexicali y Tapacula]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Migración y Desarrollo]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>26</numero>
<issue>26</issue>
<page-range>111-43</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mosse]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[George L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La imagen del hombre. La creación de la moderna masculinidad]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Talasa ediciones]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nakamura]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lisa]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[&#8216;I WILL DO EVERYthing That Am Asked&#8217;: Scambaiting, digital show-space, and the racial violence of social media]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Visual Culture]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>257-74</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pentland]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alex]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Social Physics. How Social Networks Can Make us Smarter]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Penguin Books]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Puig]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Entre el río Perlas y el Nazas. La China decimonónica y sus braceros emigrantes, la colonia china de Torreón y la matanza de 1911]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Conaulta]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rendueles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[César]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Sociofobia. El cambio político en la era de la utopía digital]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Penguin Random House]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reñique]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gerardo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Región, raza y nación en el antichinismo sonorense]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grageda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Aarón]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Seis expulsiones y un adiós. Despojos y expulsiones en Sonora]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<page-range>231-89</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[UNISON/Plaza y Valdés]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Delia]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Memecracia. Los virales que nos gobiernan]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Barcelona ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Planeta]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rowan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jaron]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[VI Memes. Inteligencia idiota, política rara y folklore digital]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Capitan Swing]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saade]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marta]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[¿Quiénes deben procrear? Los médicos eugenistas bajo el signo social (México, 1931-1940)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cuicuilco]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>31</numero>
<issue>31</issue>
<page-range>1-36</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Said]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Edward]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Orientalismo]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Libertarias]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schiavone]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Julia María]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Chinese Mexicans: Transpacific Migration and the Search for Homeland, 1910-1960]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Chapel Hill ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[The University of North Carolina Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shifman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Limor]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lemish]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Dafna]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Between Feminism and Fun(ny)mism: Analyzing Gender in Popular Internet Humor]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Information, Communication &amp; Society]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>870-91</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shifman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Limor]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[An anatomy of a YouTube meme]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[New Media &amp; Society]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>187-203</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shifman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Limor]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Memes in Digital Culture]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambridge ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[MIT Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Spitzer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mandfred]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Demencia digital. El peligro de las nuevas tecnologías]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Barcelona ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Liber Dúplex]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stepan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nancy Leys]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Hour of Eugenics. Race, Gender and Nation in Latin America]]></source>
<year>1991</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Ithaca-Londres ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cornell University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B51">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Taguieff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pierre-André]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Las metamorfosis ideológicas del racismo y la crisis del antirracismo]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alvite]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Racismo, antirracismo e inmigración]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<page-range>143-204</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[San Sebastián ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Tercera Prensa]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B52">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Terrén]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eduardo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El análisis de la cuestión racial en el desarrollo de la sociología]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Terrén]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Razas en conflicto. Perspectivas sociológicas]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<page-range>7-41</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Barcelona ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Anthropos]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B53">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>UnoTV</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evo Morales abre video de gemidos en pleno tribunal de La Haya]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B54">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Urías Horcasitas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Beatriz]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Indígena y Criminal. Interpretaciones del derecho y la antropología en México, 1871-1921]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Iberoamericana]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B55">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villarino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ángel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Inmigrantes chinos 'invaden' países industrializados]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Chicago Tribune]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B56">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Judy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Wajcman]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dodd]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nigel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Sociology of Speed. Digital, Organizational, and Social Temporalities]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Londres ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Oxford University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B57">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Williams]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Amanda]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Racial microaggressions and perceptions of Internet memes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Computers in Human Behavior]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>63</volume>
<page-range>424-32</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B58">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wieviorka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Michel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El espacio del racismo]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Barcelona ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ediciones Paidós Ibérica]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B59">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yankelevich]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pablo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Nación y extranjería en el México revolucionario]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cuicuilco]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>31</numero>
<issue>31</issue>
<page-range>1-29</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B60">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yoon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Injeong]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Why is it not just a joke? Analysis of Internet memes associated with racism and hidden ideology of colorblindness]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Cultural Research in Art Education (Online)]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<page-range>92-123</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
