<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1870-3550</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Norteamérica]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Norteamérica]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1870-3550</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Centro de Investigaciones sobre América del Norte]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1870-35502021000100093</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22201/cisan.24487228e.2021.1.439</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Las leyes de seguridad nacional en la política comercial estadounidense hacia sus socios norteamericanos]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[National Security Laws as Part of U.S. Trade Policy toward Its North American Partners]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez Ortiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Derzu Daniel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>16</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>93</fpage>
<lpage>120</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1870-35502021000100093&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1870-35502021000100093&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1870-35502021000100093&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Este artículo aborda el uso de la Sección 232 de la Ley de Expansión Comercial y de la Ley de Poderes Económicos para Emergencias Internacionales (IEEPA, por sus siglas en inglés), en la política comercial estadounidense de la presidencia de Donald Trump, hacia sus socios norteamericanos. Desde un enfoque de economía política y a partir de abordar casos de estudio, en este artículo se argumenta que dichas leyes se han transformado de herramientas para lidiar con países rivales, a recursos de poder para obtener concesiones por parte de Canadá y México, tanto en el ámbito comercial, como en otros ámbitos de su relación. Específicamente, para la Sección 232, se aborda el caso de los aranceles al acero y aluminio en contra de Canadá y México. Para el caso de la IEEPA, se hace referencia a las amenazas arancelarias interpuestas por Estados Unidos contra México en el año 2019. A partir de ello, el artículo identifica las formas en que las autoridades estadounidenses han reinterpretado las disposiciones de las leyes para utilizarlas como recursos que hacen valer su poder de mercado en las negociaciones regionales. Al finalizar, este trabajo explica, de forma general, un curso estratégico disponible para Canadá y México, para contrarrestar el uso contemporáneo que Estados Unidos ha hecho de sus leyes de seguridad nacional.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract This article deals with the Trump administration&#8217;s use of Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act and the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) in its trade policy toward its North American partners. Using a political economy approach and based on case studies, the author argues that these laws have gone from being tools for dealing with rival countries to power resources for obtaining concessions from Canada and Mexico both in trade and in other spheres of their relations. Specifically, in looking at Section 232, he examines the case of tariffs on steel and aluminum levied against Canada and Mexico. Regarding the IEEPA, he refers to the tariffs the United States threatened to levy against Mexico in 2019. Based on that, the article identifies the ways in which U.S. authorities have reinterpreted the stipulations in the laws in order to use them to bring their market power to bear in regional negotiations. The article concludes with a general explanation of a strategy available to Canada and Mexico to counter the United States&#8217; current use of its national security legislation.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[sección 232]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[IEEPA]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[seguridad nacional]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[medidas arancelarias]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[poder de mercado]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Section 232]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[IEEPA]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[national security]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[tariffs]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[market power]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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