<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1870-3550</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Norteamérica]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Norteamérica]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1870-3550</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Centro de Investigaciones sobre América del Norte]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1870-35502017000100197</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20999/nam.2017.a007</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[La consolidación histórica de la migración irregular en Estados Unidos: leyes y políticas migratorias restrictivas, ineficaces y demagógicas]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The Historic Consolidation of Irregular Migration in the United Sates: Restrictive, Ineffective, and Demagogic Migration Laws and Policies]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ortega Velázquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Elisa]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México nstituto de Investigaciones Jurídicas Área de Derecho Internacional]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>197</fpage>
<lpage>231</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1870-35502017000100197&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1870-35502017000100197&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1870-35502017000100197&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Este artículo analiza la consolidación de la migración irregular en Estados Unidos en la historia. En primer lugar, se revisan las leyes y políticas de control de la migración emitidas desde los inicios de la regulación de la migración. En segundo, se analiza su papel en la consolidación de la migración irregular. Se concluye que estas leyes y políticas fallan en producir los resultados deseados porque han contribuido al aumento de la migración irregular, lo cual es opuesto a sus objetivos de control y reducción; y que cierta migración irregular puede disminuirse si se subsanan defectos e irracionalidades de las leyes.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract This article analyzes the consolidation of irregular migration in the United States in history. First, the author reviews the immigration control laws and policies since its regulation began. Secondly, she analyzes their role in the consolidation of irregular immigration, concluding that they fail to produce the desired results because they have contributed to an increase in irregular migration, the exact opposite of their objectives of control and reduction. She also puts forward the idea that a certain amount of irregular immigration could decrease if the laws&#8217; defects and irrationalities were addressed.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Migración irregular]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[leyes migratorias]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[políticas migratorias]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[controles migratorios]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[migrantes irregulares]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Estados Unidos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Irregular immigration]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[immigration laws]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[migratory policies]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[migratory controls]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[irregular immigrants]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[United States]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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