<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1870-3542</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista mexicana de física E]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. mex. fís. E]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1870-3542</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Mexicana de Física]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1870-35422013000200005</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Introduction of the concepts of hole and effective mass using an alternative to the E-k diagram]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alvarez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lydia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Instituto de Ingeniería ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Mexicali Baja California]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2013</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2013</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>59</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>128</fpage>
<lpage>132</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1870-35422013000200005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1870-35422013000200005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1870-35422013000200005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[An alternative to the E-k diagram is proposed as a mean of teaching the concept of hole to undergraduate students who have never studied Quantum Mechanics. Some background on the application of Quantum Mechanics to crystalline solids is given in order to discuss the concept of effective mass and the concept of hole. Then, the so-called |p| - &#957; diagram is geometrically derived from the E-k diagram, using their critical points as a reference. Finally, the new diagram is used as part of a full explanation of the concept of hole and conclusions are given.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Se propone una alternativa al diagrama E-k como medio de enseñar el concepto de hueco a estudiantes de licenciatura que nunca han estudiado Mecánica Cuántica. Se dan algunos antecedentes sobre la aplicación de la Mecánica Cuántica a sólidos cristalinos necesarios para discutir el concepto de masa efectiva y el concepto de hueco. Después, el llamado diagrama |p| - &#957; se deriva geométricamente a partir del diagrama E-k, usando sus puntos críticos como referencia. Finalmente, el nuevo diagrama se usa como parte de una explicación completa del concepto de hueco y se sacan algunas conclusiones.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Hole]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[effective mass]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[E-k diagram]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Hueco]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[masa efectiva]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[diagrama E-k]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="4">Educaci&oacute;n</font></p>              <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>              <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="4"><b>Introduction of the concepts of hole and effective mass using an alternative to the <i>E&#45;k</i> diagram</b></font></p>              <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>              <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Lydia Alvarez</b></font></p>              <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>              <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i>Instituto de Ingenier&iacute;a, Universidad Aut&oacute;noma de Baja California, Blvd. Benito Juarez esq. Calle de la Normal, Col. Insurgentes Este, 21280, Mexicali, Baja California, Mexico.</i> e&#45;mail: <a href="mailto:lydia@uabc.edu.mx">lydia@uabc.edu.mx</a>.</font></p>              <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>              <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Received 26 February 2013    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<br>     </font><font face="verdana" size="2">Accepted 9 October 2013</font></p>              <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>              <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Abstract </b></font></p>              <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">An alternative to the <i>E&#45;k</i> diagram is proposed as a mean of teaching the concept of hole to undergraduate students who have never studied Quantum Mechanics. Some background on the application of Quantum Mechanics to crystalline solids is given in order to discuss the concept of effective mass and the concept of hole. Then, the so&#45;called <i>&#124;p&#124; &#151; &#957;</i> diagram is geometrically derived from the <i>E&#45;k</i> diagram, using their critical points as a reference. Finally, the new diagram is used as part of a full explanation of the concept of hole and conclusions are given.</font></p>              <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Keywords:</b> Hole; effective mass; <i>E&#45;k</i> diagram.</font></p>              <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>              <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Resumen</b></font></p>              <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Se propone una alternativa al diagrama <i>E&#45;k</i> como medio de ense&ntilde;ar el concepto de hueco a estudiantes de licenciatura que nunca han estudiado Mec&aacute;nica Cu&aacute;ntica. Se dan algunos antecedentes sobre la aplicaci&oacute;n de la Mec&aacute;nica Cu&aacute;ntica a s&oacute;lidos cristalinos necesarios para discutir el concepto de masa efectiva y el concepto de hueco. Despu&eacute;s, el llamado diagrama <i>&#124;p&#124; &#151; &#957;</i> se deriva geom&eacute;tricamente a partir del diagrama <i>E&#45;k</i>, usando sus puntos cr&iacute;ticos como referencia. Finalmente, el nuevo diagrama se usa como parte de una explicaci&oacute;n completa del concepto de hueco y se sacan algunas conclusiones.</font></p>              <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Descriptores:</b> Hueco; masa efectiva; diagrama <i>E&#45;k.</i> </font></p>              <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">PACS: 71.20 Mq; 72.80 Cw;01.40.&#45;d</font></p>              ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>              <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><a href="/pdf/rmfe/v59n2/v59n2a5.pdf" target="_blank">DESCARGAR ART&Iacute;CULO EN FORMATO PDF</a></font></p>              <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>              <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>References</b></font></p>              <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">1. B.S. Chandrasekhar, <i>Am. J. Phys.</i> <b>63</b> (1995) 853.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8593677&pid=S1870-3542201300020000500001&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>              <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">2. R.C. Cross, <i>Am. J. of Phys.</i> <b>46</b> (1976) 771.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8593679&pid=S1870-3542201300020000500002&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>              <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">3. C. Hemenway, R. Henry and M. Caulton, <i>Physical Electronics</i> (2nd Edition. Wiley, 1967).    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8593681&pid=S1870-3542201300020000500003&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>              ]]></body>
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