<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1870-3542</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista mexicana de física E]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. mex. fís. E]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1870-3542</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Mexicana de Física]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1870-35422011000100007</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Setting up divisions in transport vehicles as a safety measure to reduce cumulated neighbor inertial forces on passengers]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Córdoba-Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[del Castillo-Mussot]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montemayor-Aldrete]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Instituto de Física ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[México D.F.]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2011</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2011</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>57</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>38</fpage>
<lpage>43</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1870-35422011000100007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1870-35422011000100007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1870-35422011000100007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Frequently, humans and animals are densely confined during transportation processes in both small and large spaces (containers, subways, wagons, buses). Clearly when sudden braking or collisions unfortunately occur, passengers may suffer physical damages. Then in order to avoid injuries due to unexpected decelerations during transportation, we propose to build simple extra divisions to decrease cumulative pressures due to the inertial force on standing-up stacked passengers due to neighbor passengers. In order to avoid fractures, we measured maximum compression forces on young adult thoraxes and the corresponding thorax compression limit. For situations of high crowding of these passengers, we estimate the size of the compartments as function of the expected decelerations and speeds. Implementation of the proposed divisions is simple and economical.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Con frecuencia, los seres humanos y los animales están densamente confinados durante procesos de transporte, tanto en espacios pequeños o grandes (contenedores, el metro, vagones, autobuses). Es claro que cuando por desgracia ocurren frenados bruscos o colisiones se producen, los pasajeros pueden sufrir daños físicos. Entonces con el fin de evitar lesiones debido a desaceleraciones inesperadas durante el transporte, se propone la construcción de simples divisiones adicionales para disminuir las presiones acumuladas sobre pasajeros apilados de pie debido a la fuerza inercial de los pasajeros vecinos. Con el fin de evitar fracturas, medimos las fuerzas de compresión máxima sobre el torax de adultos jóvenes y el límite de compresión del tórax correspondiente. En situaciones de alta aglomeración de pasajeros, estimamos el tamaño de los compartimentos en función de las desaceleraciones y velocidades esperadas. La implementación de las divisiones propuestas es sencilla y económica.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Interdisciplinary applications of physics]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[elastic properties]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[transportation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Aplicaciones interdisciplinarias de la física]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[propiedades elásticas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[transporte]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="4">Ense&ntilde;anza</font></p> 	    <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p> 	    <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="4"><b>Setting up divisions in transport vehicles as a safety measure to reduce cumulated neighbor inertial forces on passengers</b></font></p> 	    <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p> 	    <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>O. C&oacute;rdoba&#150;Rodr&iacute;guez, M. del Castillo&#150;Mussot*, J. Montemayor&#150;Aldrete, and L.A. P&eacute;rez</b></font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i>Instituto de F&iacute;sica, Universidad Nacional Aut&oacute;noma de M&eacute;xico, Apartado Postal 20&#150;364 M&eacute;xico, D.F. 01000 M&eacute;xico, * e&#150;mail:</i> <a href="mailto:mussot@fisica.unam.mx">mussot@fisica.unam.mx</a></font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Recibido el 9 de septiembre de 2010    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<br>     Aceptado el 7 de marzo de 2011</font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Abstract</b></font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Frequently, humans and animals are densely confined during transportation processes in both small and large spaces (containers, subways, wagons, buses). Clearly when sudden braking or collisions unfortunately occur, passengers may suffer physical damages. Then in order to avoid injuries due to unexpected decelerations during transportation, we propose to build simple extra divisions to decrease cumulative pressures due to the inertial force on standing&#150;up stacked passengers due to neighbor passengers. In order to avoid fractures, we measured maximum compression forces on young adult thoraxes and the corresponding thorax compression limit. For situations of high crowding of these passengers, we estimate the size of the compartments as function of the expected decelerations and speeds. Implementation of the proposed divisions is simple and economical.</font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Keywords:</b> Interdisciplinary applications of physics; elastic properties; transportation.</font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Resumen</b></font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Con frecuencia, los seres humanos y los animales est&aacute;n densamente confinados durante procesos de transporte, tanto en espacios peque&ntilde;os o grandes (contenedores, el metro, vagones, autobuses). Es claro que cuando por desgracia ocurren frenados bruscos o colisiones se producen, los pasajeros pueden sufrir da&ntilde;os f&iacute;sicos. Entonces con el fin de evitar lesiones debido a desaceleraciones inesperadas durante el transporte, se propone la construcci&oacute;n de simples divisiones adicionales para disminuir las presiones acumuladas sobre pasajeros apilados de pie debido a la fuerza inercial de los pasajeros vecinos. Con el fin de evitar fracturas, medimos las fuerzas de compresi&oacute;n m&aacute;xima sobre el torax de adultos j&oacute;venes y el l&iacute;mite de compresi&oacute;n del t&oacute;rax correspondiente. En situaciones de alta aglomeraci&oacute;n de pasajeros, estimamos el tama&ntilde;o de los compartimentos en funci&oacute;n de las desaceleraciones y velocidades esperadas. La implementaci&oacute;n de las divisiones propuestas es sencilla y econ&oacute;mica.</font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Descriptores:</b> Aplicaciones interdisciplinarias de la f&iacute;sica; propiedades el&aacute;sticas; transporte.</font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p> 	    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">PACS: 89.20.&#150;a; 87.19.rd; 89.40.&#150;a</font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><a href="/pdf/rmfe/v57n1/v57n1a7.pdf" target="_blank">DESCARGAR ART&Iacute;CULO EN FORMATO PDF</a></font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Acknowledgements</b></font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">We acknowledge partial financial support from DGAPA&#150;UNAM, M&eacute;xico, through Grants No IN114208 and IN113008.</font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>References</b></font></p> 	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">1. See for example, <a href="http://www.peakoil.net">http://www.peakoil.net</a> and <a href="http://www.theoildrum.com">http://www.theoildrum.com</a> for information on oil and gas depletion worldwide.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8455893&pid=S1870-3542201100010000700001&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p> 	    ]]></body>
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