<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1870-3542</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista mexicana de física E]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. mex. fís. E]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1870-3542</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Mexicana de Física]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1870-35422011000100005</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[A novel set of reduced equations to model perfect layer matched (PML) in FDTD]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Benavides]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Álvarez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calderón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A03"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Galaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Enciso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Márquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A04"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Politécnico Nacional Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Zacatenco]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[México D.F.]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Politécnico Nacional Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de Tecnología Digital ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Tijuana Baja California]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A03">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Veracruzana Facultad de Ingeniería en Electrónica y Comunicaciones Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Poza Rica Ver]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A04">
<institution><![CDATA[,Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla Instituto de Física ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Puebla ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2011</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2011</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>57</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>25</fpage>
<lpage>31</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1870-35422011000100005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1870-35422011000100005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1870-35422011000100005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[We propose a new set of reduced equations describing the Perfectly Matched Layer (PML) boundary condition for the Finite Difference Time Domain Method (FDTD) algorithm. These expressions take into account the main properties of the electromagnetic wave propagation in continuos medias: absorbing, free space and conductive, simplifying the solution of electromagnetic problems as such as the FDTD lattice. A two-dimensional (2-D) transversal electric TE mode Gaussian pulse propagating along free-space is presented as a vehicle of study. The efficiency of this model is validated by a new way to compute the power reflection coefficient of the electromagnetic field arriving at the PML interface at several points. Also a detailed description of the rounding up process to obtain integer values for FDTD equations indexes is discussed.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Se propone un conjunto de ecuaciones FDTD reducidas que describen la condición de frontera PML y la región de análisis utilizando el método de diferencias finitas en el dominio del tiempo. Para lograr esto el conjunto de ecuaciones describen las propiedades de los principales medios continuos de propagación electromagnética: medio absorbente, espacio libre y conductor, lo que simplifica la implementación y solución de problemas de propagación mediante FDTD. Como caso de estudio se analiza la propagación bidimensional de un pulso gausiano en un modo TE. La eficiencia del modelo propuesto se valida calculando el coeficiente de reflexión en varios puntos de la interfaz entre la región de interés y la region PML. Se presenta también una descripción detallada del proceso de redondeo de los índices fraccionarios del conjunto de ecuaciones FDTD.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Maxwell equations]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[FDTD]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[PML]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[absorbing boundary conditions]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[electromagnetic propagation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Ecuaciones de Maxwell]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[diferencias finitas en el dominio del tiempo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[condiciones de frontera absorbentes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[propagación electromagnética]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="4">Ense&ntilde;anza</font></p> 	    <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p> 	    <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="4"><b>A novel set of reduced equations to model perfect layer matched (PML) in FDTD</b></font></p> 	    <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p> 	    <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>M. Benavides<sup>a,c</sup>, M. &Aacute;lvarez<sup>b</sup>, C. Calder&oacute;n<sup>c</sup>, J. Sosa<sup>a</sup>, M. Galaz<sup>a</sup>, M. Rodr&iacute;guez<sup>a</sup>, M. Enciso<sup>a</sup>, and C. M&aacute;rquez<sup>d</sup></b></font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i><sup>a </sup>Instituto Polit&eacute;cnico Nacional, Escuela Superior de Ingenier&iacute;a Mec&aacute;nica y El&eacute;ctrica, Secci&oacute;n de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigaci&oacute;n, Zacatenco, Departamento de Telecomunicaciones, UPALM Edif. Z&#150;4, Tercer piso, 07738 M&eacute;xico, D.F. M&eacute;xico.</i></font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i><sup>b </sup>Centro de Investigaci&oacute;n y Desarrollo de Tecnolog&iacute;a Digital, Av. del Parque 1310, Mesa de Otay, Tijuana, Baja California, Instituto Polit&eacute;cnico Nacional, M&eacute;xico.</i></font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i><sup>c</sup> Facultad de Ingenier&iacute;a Mec&aacute;nica y El&eacute;ctrica y Facultad de Ingenier&iacute;a en Electr&oacute;nica y Comunicaciones, Venustiano Carranza s/n, Poza Rica Ver, Universidad Veracruzana.</i></font></p> 	    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i><sup>d</sup> Instituto de F&iacute;sica, Benem&eacute;rita Universidad Aut&oacute;noma de Puebla, Apartado Postal J&#150;48, Puebla 72570, M&eacute;xico.</i></font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Recibido el 8 de junio de 2010    <br>     Aceptado el 10 de marzo de 2011</font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Abstract</b></font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">We propose a new set of reduced equations describing the Perfectly Matched Layer (PML) boundary condition for the Finite Difference Time Domain Method (FDTD) algorithm. These expressions take into account the main properties of the electromagnetic wave propagation in continuos medias: absorbing, free space and conductive, simplifying the solution of electromagnetic problems as such as the FDTD lattice. A two&#150;dimensional (2&#150;D) transversal electric TE mode Gaussian pulse propagating along free&#150;space is presented as a vehicle of study. The efficiency of this model is validated by a new way to compute the power reflection coefficient of the electromagnetic field arriving at the PML interface at several points. Also a detailed description of the rounding up process to obtain integer values for FDTD equations indexes is discussed.</font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Keywords:</b> Maxwell equations; FDTD; PML; absorbing boundary conditions; electromagnetic propagation.</font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Resumen</b></font></p> 	    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Se propone un conjunto de ecuaciones FDTD reducidas que describen la condici&oacute;n de frontera PML y la regi&oacute;n de an&aacute;lisis utilizando el m&eacute;todo de diferencias finitas en el dominio del tiempo. Para lograr esto el conjunto de ecuaciones describen las propiedades de los principales medios continuos de propagaci&oacute;n electromagn&eacute;tica: medio absorbente, espacio libre y conductor, lo que simplifica la implementaci&oacute;n y soluci&oacute;n de problemas de propagaci&oacute;n mediante FDTD. Como caso de estudio se analiza la propagaci&oacute;n bidimensional de un pulso gausiano en un modo TE. La eficiencia del modelo propuesto se valida calculando el coeficiente de reflexi&oacute;n en varios puntos de la interfaz entre la regi&oacute;n de inter&eacute;s y la region PML. Se presenta tambi&eacute;n una descripci&oacute;n detallada del proceso de redondeo de los &iacute;ndices fraccionarios del conjunto de ecuaciones FDTD.</font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Descriptores:</b> Ecuaciones de Maxwell; diferencias finitas en el dominio del tiempo; condiciones de frontera absorbentes; propagaci&oacute;n electromagn&eacute;tica.</font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">PACS: 03.50.De; 02.70.Bf; 41.20.Jb; 07.05.Tp; 01.50.H&#150;</font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><a href="/pdf/rmfe/v57n1/v57n1a5.pdf" target="_blank">DESCARGAR ART&Iacute;CULO EN FORMATO PDF</a></font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Acknowledgements</b></font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">The financial support of SIP&#150;IPN, COFAA&#150;IPN, CONACyT 106698 project is gratefully acknowledged.</font></p> 	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p> 	    ]]></body>
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