Radiación de Hawking
J. Mª Fernández Cristóbal
RIES Jovellanos, Gijón, Asturias, España e–mail: jmariafc@educastur.princast.es
Recibido el 22 de junio de 2010
Aceptado el 3 de septiembre de 2010
Resumen
Con un enfoque fundamentalmente didáctico se pretende dar una amplia visión de la denominada radiación de Hawking de los agujeros negros, lo que implica una pequeña introducción a la cuantización en espacios curvos. Se señalan dos de los principales métodos de obtener el espectro de la radiación: el original, debido a Hawking, y el conocido por efecto túnel. Así mismo, se hace extensión del segundo mecanismo para la obtención de radiación en otro tipo de horizontes: concretamente para el horizonte aparente asociado a la métrica de Friedmann–Robertson–Walker. Se señala alguna objeción surgida recientemente a la derivación por este método y, finalmente, se hace una breve discusión sobre el método de Gibbons–Hawking.
Descriptores: Cuantización en espacios curvos; radiación de Hawking; efecto túnel; horizonte aparente.
Abstract
The aim of this article is to provide a general analysis of the so–called Hawking radiation in black holes from a didactic perspective, including a brief introduction to quantization in curved spacetime. Two main methods for obtaining the radiation spectrum are explained: the original one due to Hawking and the tunneling method. Also, it is shown how the second mechanism can be extended to obtain the radiation spectrum in a different kind of horizon, that associated to the Friedmann–Robertson–Walker metric. Finally, some recent objections to the derivation by the tunneling method are mentioned.
Keywords: Quantization on curved spacetime; Hawking radiation; tunneling method; apparent horizon.
PACS: 01.30.Bb; 04.70.Dy; 04.62+v
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