<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1870-3453</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista mexicana de biodiversidad]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. Mex. Biodiv.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1870-3453</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto de Biología]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1870-34532023000100502</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22201/ib.20078706e.2023.94.5248</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Conservación de bosques de montaña a través de manejo ecoturístico en San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas México]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Conservation of mountain forests through ecotourism management in San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas Mexico]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Domínguez-Vera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José Gerardo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruiz-Montoya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lorena]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castillo-Santiago]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Miguel Ángel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Álvarez-Gordillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Guadalupe]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,El Colegio de la Frontera Sur Departamento de Conservación de la Biodiversidad ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[San Cristóbal de Las Casas Chiapas]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,El Colegio de la Frontera Sur Departamento Observación y Estudio de la Tierra, la Atmósfera y el Océano ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[San Cristóbal de Las Casas Chiapas]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,El Colegio de la Frontera Sur Departamento Sociedad y Cultura ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[San Cristóbal de Las Casas Chiapas]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>94</volume>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1870-34532023000100502&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1870-34532023000100502&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1870-34532023000100502&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Los bosques de montaña de Los Altos de Chiapas se han fragmentado y han modificado su estructura y composición florística debido a la tala, la agricultura y el crecimiento urbano. Una alternativa que se ha promovido para su conservación es el ecoturismo. El objetivo fue diagnosticar la efectividad del manejo ecoturístico en la conservación de los bosques de montaña de los Parques Ecoturísticos Arcotete, Grutas de Mamut y Grutas de Rancho Nuevo del municipio de San Cristóbal de Las Casas. Se registraron variables de estructura vertical, horizontal y de uso del bosque en parcelas de 1,000 m2. Se calcularon índices de diversidad de números de Hill y un índice de condición ecológica por parcela a través de un modelo determinístico. Se procesaron imágenes de satélite de los años 2005, 2011, 2015, 2021 para obtener cambios en los usos de suelo. Arcotete y Grutas de Mamut tuvieron un índice de condición ecológica del bosque de 0.5 y Grutas de Rancho Nuevo de 0.3, lo que indica que los 2 primeros tienen un estado de conservación intermedio. Se concluye que el ecoturismo permitió el incremento en la cobertura forestal, que se traduce en una condición ecológica baja y moderada.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The mountain forests of Los Altos de Chiapas have been fragmented and their structure and floristic composition have been modified due to logging, agriculture, and urban growth. An alternative that has been promoted for its conservation is ecotourism. The objective was to diagnose the effectiveness of ecotourism management in the conservation of mountain forests in the Arcotete, Grutas de Mamut and Grutas de Rancho Nuevo Ecotourism Parks in the municipality of San Cristóbal de Las Casas. Variables of vertical and horizontal structure and use of the forest were registered in plots of 1,000 m2. Diversity indices of Hill numbers and an ecological condition index per plot were calculated through a deterministic model. Satellite images from the years 2005, 2011, 2015, 2021 were processed to obtain changes in land use. Arcotete and Grutas de Mamut had an ecological condition index of the forest of 0.5 and Grutas de Rancho Nuevo of 0.3, which indicates that the first 2 have an intermediate state of conservation. It is concluded that ecotourism allowed the increase in forest cover that translates into a low and moderate ecological condition.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Bosque pino-encino]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Índice de condición ecológica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Manejo ecoturístico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Números de Hill]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Parques ecoturísticos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Turismo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Uso de suelo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Pine-oak forest]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Ecological condition index]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Ecotourism management]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Hill numbers]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Ecotourism parks]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Tourism]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Land use]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aguilar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montoya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vázquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Procesos de reapropiación local y apropiación externa de los recursos en el Proyecto Ecoturístico Las Grutas del Mamut, San Cristóbal de Las Casas]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[El Colegio de la Frontera Sur]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calderón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Estrada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Entre la conservación del bosque y el crecimiento de la ciudad: las localidades rurales en el espacio periurbano del Huitepec en San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas, México]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Estudios Demográficos y Urbanos]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<page-range>739-87</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cayuela]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Deforestación y fragmentación de bosques tropicales montanos en los Altos de Chiapas, México. Efectos sobre la diversidad de árboles]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ecosistemas]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<page-range>192-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gotelli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hsieh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sander]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Colwell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Rarefaction and extrapolation with Hill numbers: a framework for sampling and estimation in species diversity studies]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ecological Monographs]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>84</volume>
<page-range>45-67</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hsieh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[iNEXT (iNterpolation and EXTrapolation) online: software for interpolation and extrapolation of species diversity]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chediack]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez-Marcial]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González-Espinosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Vegetación de la zona sujeta a conservación ecológica Rancho Nuevo: estado actual y propuestas de manejo]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[San Cristóbal de Las Casas ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[El Colegio de la Frontera Sur]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Crow]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Buckley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nauertz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zasada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effects of management on the composition and structure of Northern Hardwood Forests in Upper Michigan]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Forest Science]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>48</volume>
<page-range>129-45</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cruz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bello]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Enríquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mondragón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Percepción del turismo accesible para personas con discapacidad, el caso del Centro Ecoturístico El Arcotete, Chiapas, México]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[El Periplo Sustentable]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<page-range>222-40</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Das]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chatterjee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ecotourism: A panacea or a predicament?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Tourism Management Perspectives]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<page-range>3-16</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Domínguez-Vera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruiz-Montoya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El manejo de proyectos ecoturísticos en el municipio de San Cristóbal de las Casas: ¿siguen la norma oficial mexicana 133?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Dimensiones Turísticas]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<page-range>59-80</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Enríquez-Rocha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rangel-Salazar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vázquez-Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Partira-Lara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Distribución, abundancia y selección de hábitat de especies de aves amenazadas y en peligro de extinción en los bosques de montaña de Chiapas]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México D.F. ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[El Colegio de la Frontera Sur/ Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad Nacional/ Departamento de Ecología y Sistemática Terrestre]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>FAO</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Forest resources assessment 1990. Survey of tropical forest cover and study of change processes]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Roma ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[FAO]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Figueroa-Jáuregui]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ibáñez-Castillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arteaga-Ramírez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arellano-Monterrosas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vázquez-Peña]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cambio de uso de suelo en la cuenca de San Cristóbal de Las Casas, México]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Agrociencia]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>45</volume>
<page-range>531-44</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Galindo-Jaimes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González-Espinosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quintana-Ascencio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García-Barrios]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Tree composition and structure in disturbed stands with varying dominance by Pinus spp. in the highlands of Chiapas, México]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Plant Ecology]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>162</volume>
<page-range>259-72</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González-Espinosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez-Marcial]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comunidades vegetales terrestres]]></article-title>
<collab>Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad</collab>
<source><![CDATA[La biodiversidad en Chiapas]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<page-range>21-42</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[México D.F. ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad/ Gobierno del Estado de Chiapas]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González-Espinosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez-Marcial]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Solano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vargas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Ecología y restauración de los bosques de Quercus de Chiapas, sur de México]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ ISeminario Internacional de Roble y Ecosistemas Asociados]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc> </conf-loc>
<page-range>203-2014</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bogotá, Colombia ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González-Espinosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez-Marcial]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Camacho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Holz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rey-Benayas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Parra-Vázquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Restauración de bosques en territorios indígenas de Chiapas: modelos ecológicos y estrategias de acción]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Sociedad Botánica de México]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>80</volume>
<page-range>11-23</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González-Espinosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez-Marcial]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Galindo-Jaimes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Camacho-Cruz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Golicher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cayuela]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Tendencias y proyecciones del uso del suelo y la diversidad florística en Los Altos de Chiapas, México]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Investigación Ambiental Ciencia y Política Pública]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<page-range>40-53</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Neger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El ecoturismo como estrategia de fortalecimiento en las acciones de conservación ambiental: un análisis regional en Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz, México]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[PASOS. Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<page-range>571-84</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montoya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aguilar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[De la migración al ecoturismo en el ejido Agua de Pajarito, municipio de San Cristóbal de Las Casas]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villafuerte]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zarate]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gordillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Chiapas, economía de la pobreza]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<page-range>95-105</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Tuxtla Gutiérrez ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Higham]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lück]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Urban ecotourism: A contradiction in terms?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Ecotourism]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<page-range>36-51</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hsieh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[iNEXT: an R package for rarefaction and extrapolation of species diversity (&lt;scp&gt;H&lt;/scp&gt; ill numbers)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Methods in Ecology and Evolution]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<page-range>1451-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jost]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Entropy and diversity]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Oikos]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>113</volume>
<page-range>363-75</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez-Ramos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González-Espinosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez-Marcial]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Negrete-Yankelevich]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mena]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mid- and long-term ecological changes after enrichment planting with native tree species in Mexican tropical mountain forests]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Restoration Ecology]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>31</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montoya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Proyectos de ecoturismo en San Cristóbal de Las Casas]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zarate]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gordillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villafuerte]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Cambios, rupturas y continuidades en la dinámica territorial de San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<page-range>79-99</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[San Cristóbal de Las Casas ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[CeCol]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mora-Donjuán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alanís-Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Resiliencia de bosques de pino-encino en América: una visión global del estado actual]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Forestal Mesoamericana Kurú]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<page-range>1-2</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Obombo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Velarde]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El ecoturismo en las reservas de la biósfera: prácticas y actitudes hacia la conservación]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[PASOS. Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<page-range>97-112</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ochoa-Gaona]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kampichler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Jong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernndez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Geissen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huerta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A multi-criterion index for the evaluation of local tropical forest conditions in Mexico]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Forest Ecology and Management]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>260</volume>
<page-range>618-27</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Patrignani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ochsner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Canopeo: a powerful new tool for measuring fractional green canopy cover]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Agronomy Journal]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>107</volume>
<page-range>2312-20</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Picado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montoya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ecoturismo y transformaciones socieconómicas y territoriales en el ejido &#8220;Rio Arcotete&#8221;, del municipio de San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barragán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maldonado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El turismo y desarrollo comunitario, investigaciones y propuestas]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<page-range>369-93</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Querétaro ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez-Marcial]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Camacho-Cruz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González-Espinosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Potencial florístico para la restauración de bosques en Los Altos de Chiapas]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González-Espinosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez-Marcial]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruiz-Montoya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Diversidad biológica en Chiapas]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<page-range>325-65</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[México D.F. ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Plazas y Valdés]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez-Marcial]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Camacho-Cruz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez-Icó]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Luna-Gómez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Golicher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González-Espinosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Árboles y arbustos de los bosques de montaña en Chiapas]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[San Cristóbal de Las Casas ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[El Colegio de la Frontera Sur]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez-Marcial]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González-Espinosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Williams-Linera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Anthropogenic disturbance and tree diversity in Montane Rain Forests in Chiapas, Mexico]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Forest Ecology and Management]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>154</volume>
<page-range>311-26</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez-Marcial]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ishiki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evaluación y monitoreo de la vegetación]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Léon-Cortes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Naranjo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez-Marcial]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rangel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Horvath]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Muñoz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Manual para el reconocimiento, evaluación y monitoreo de la diversidad biológica]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<page-range>9-24</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[San Cristóbal de Las Casas ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[El Colegio de la Frontera Sur]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rubin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Manion]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Faber-Langendoen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Diameter distributions and structural sustainability in forests]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Forest Ecology and Management]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>222</volume>
<page-range>427-38</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruiz-González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Campos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reyes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Enríquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Estructura y diversidad vegetal en un bosque de pino encino con disturbios en diferentes cronosecuencias]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Madera y Bosques]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<page-range>1-16</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Sectur</collab>
<source><![CDATA[El turismo de naturaleza: retos y oportunidades]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Semarnat</collab>
<source><![CDATA[NMX-AA-133-SCFI-2013 requisitos y especificaciones de sustentabilidad del ecoturismo (cancela a la nmx-aa-133-scfi-2006). Declaratoria de vigencia de la Norma Mexicana NMX-AA-133-SCFI-2013]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Distrito Federal, México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Diario Oficial de la Federación]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stronza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hunt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fitzgerald]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ecotourism for conservation?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Annual reviews of Environment and Resources]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>44</volume>
<page-range>229-57</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Su]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Assessing ecotourism from a multi-stakeholder perspective: Xingkai Lake National Nature Reserve, China]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Environmental Management]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>54</volume>
<page-range>1190-207</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tavera-Carreño]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez-Marcial]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González-Espinosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Navarrate-Gutiérrez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Rasgos funcionales de especies arbóreas raras y abundantes en los bosques de montaña del sur de México]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Polibotánica]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>48</volume>
<page-range>29-48</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Taylor-Aquino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez-Marcial]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferguson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castillo-Santiago]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Estructura y composición de bosques en paisajes manejados de Los Altos de Chiapasm]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[San Cristóbal de Las Casas ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[El Colegio de la Frontera Sur]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Uswathul]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sampada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Babu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A bibliometric analysis of ecotourism: A safeguard strategy in protected areas]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Regional Sustainability]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<page-range>27-40</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vázquez-Ochoa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez-Velásquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández-Vargas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ibarra-Zavaleta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruíz-Montiel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La presencia de Dendroctonus es diferente entre especies de pinus y sus diámetros en la región del Parque Nacional Cofre de Perote, México]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>93</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wondirad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Does ecotourism contribute to sustainable destination development, or is it just a marketing hoax? Analyzing twenty-five years contested journey of ecotourism through a meta-analysis of tourism journal publications]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<page-range>1047-65</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zenner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Development of tree size distributions in Douglas-fir forests under differing disturbance regimes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ecological Applications]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<page-range>701-14</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
