Extension of geographic distribution of Chrysobrycon hesperus and C. myersi (Characiformes, Characidae, Stevardiinae) for several drainages flowing into the Amazon River Basin in Peru and Colombia

Extensión de la distribución geográfica de Chrysobrycon hesperus y C. myersi (Characiformes, Characidae, Stevardiinae) para varios drenajes fluyendo hacia la cuenca del Amazonas en Perú y Colombia

James Anyelo Vanegas-Ríos¹*, Vanessa Meza-Vargas² and María de las Mercedes Azpelicueta¹

¹ Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), División Zoología de Vertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Paseo del Bosque S/N B1900FWA, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. *anyelovr@fcnym.unlp.edu.ar

Recibido: 19 enero 2012
Aceptado: 30 julio 2012

Abstract

The geographic distribution of Chrysobrycon hesperus (Böhlke) and C. myersi Weitzman and Menezes is extended to new localities from the upper Amazon Basin in Peru and Colombia. Chrysobrycon hesperus is recorded for the first time for the Putumayo River Basin in Colombia.

Key words: Stevardiinae, first record, Putumayo Basin, Urubamba Basin, Marañón Basin.

Resumen

Palabras clave: Stevardiinae, primer registro, cuenca del Putumayo, cuenca del Urubamba, cuenca del Marañón.

Species of the genus Chrysobrycon Weitzman and Menezes form a small group of characid fishes with 3 valid species that have a modified pouch scale in the lower lobe of the caudal fin in males (Vanegas-Ríos et al., 2011). Chrysobrycon hesperus (Böhlke) is originally known from the Napo River system in Ecuador, whereas C. myersi Weitzman and Menezes and C. eliasi Vanegas-Ríos, Azpelicueta and Ortega occur in the Ucayali and Madeira River Basins, respectively, in Peru (Weitzman, 2003; Eschmeyer and Fricke, 2011). The geographic distributions of C. hesperus and C. myersi are poorly known; few valid records are available and most of them correspond to the type localities designated in their original descriptions (Böhlke, 1958; Weitzman and Thomerson 1970; Weitzman and Menezes, 1998). The ecology and conservation status of C. hesperus and C. myersi are unknown.

The aim of this note is to report new localities where Chrysobrycon hesperus and C. myersi are occurring along the todos upper Amazon Basin in Peru and Colombia, extending their geographic distribution. In addition, C. hesperus is recorded for the first time from the Putumayo River Basin in Colombia.

The examined specimens are deposited in the ichthyological collections at ANSP and MUSM; acronyms are according to Eschmeyer (1998). We used the following resources for identification of the studied specimens: the original descriptions of Chrysobrycon species (Böhlke, 1958; Weitzman and Thomerson, 1970), paratypes of C. hesperus and C. myersi, and a key included in Vanegas-Ríos et al. (2011). A map is used to plot the new records of C. hesperus and C. myersi plus the known distribution of Chrysobrycon species (Böhlke, 1958; Weitzman and Thomerson, 1970; Vanegas-Ríos et al., 2011). Morphometric and meristic data were taken for the specimen from the Putumayo River Basin in Colombia; measurements are expressed as percentages of SL or HL. These measurements and counts are according to Fink and Weitzman (1974) and Vanegas-Ríos et al. (2011). The standard length in mm is recorded for each specimen examined.

Chrysobrycon hesperus is recorded for several drainages between 153 and 209 m a.s.l. in the Marañón River Basin, upper Amazon system in Peru. One female of 39.38 mm of SL is recorded for the first time for the Putumayo River Basin, Amazon system in Colombia reaching approximately 344 m a.s.l (Table 1, Fig. 1). This female has 40 lateral-line scales, 6 longitudinal scales between the lateral line and dorsalfin origin, 6 longitudinal scales between lateral line and analfin origin, 5 longitudinal scales between lateral line and pelvicfin origin, 23 predorsal scales, 16 scales around caudal peduncle, ii,8 dorsalfin rays, iv,32 anal finrays, i,7 pelvicfin rays, i,10 pectoralfin rays, 3 tetracuspidate teeth in the maxilla, 4 teeth in the inner row of the premaxilla, and a rounded black humeral spot.

Chrysobrycon myersi is recorded for several localities along the Urubamba, Tambo, and Pachitea River basins, flowing into the Ucayali River system in Peru; those localities are positioned between 259 and 585 m a.s.l. (Fig. 1). The original specimens of C. myersi were collected in the province of Huanuco (Weitzman and Thomerson, 1970), whereas the new record is located in the province of Pasco, both records from the Pachitea River Basin in Peru.

One of most characteristic features of Chrysobrycon hesperus is the presence of a rounded and black humeral spot (Böhlke, 1958; Weitzman and Thomerson, 1970; Vanegas-Rivers et al., 2011), which was observed in the specimens examined and allowed us to readily separate it from C. myersi. At present, C. hesperus seems to constitute a widely distributed species. However, a further study including the known populations of C. hesperus may be appropriate to better understand the distribution of this species. Chrysobrycon hesperus has not been previously reported in the lists of freshwater fishes from the Putumayo River Basin (Ortega et al. 2006) and Colombia (Maldonado-Ocampo et al., 2008); our record for the Putumayo River Basin indicates that the genus is inadequately studied in Colombia.

Chrysobrycon myersi is easily identified by the large shape of its anal fin in males and the higher number of the branched analfin rays (33-36: Weitzman and Thomerson, 1970; Vanegas-Rivers et al., 2011). This large anal fin in males of C. myersi is rarely present in Characidae; Weitzman and Menezes (1998) commented that this an anal fin is rather similar to these of the males of Corynopoma Gill and Pterobrycon Eigenmann.

Material examined. Chrysobrycon hesperus: Colombia: ICNMHN 11002 (1), 39.38 mm SL, Putumayo, Orito, Creek La Guara, Putumayo River Basin (approximately 0°36'00"N, 76°52'15.00" W, 344 m a.s.l.). Peru: MUSM 26607 (2 of4), 59.85- 66.06 mm SL, Loreto, upper Amazon, Andoas, Corrientes River, Creek Caballo, (2°33'41.17" S, 76°13'45.32" W, 209 m a.s.l.). MUSM 26617 (2 of 3), 29.77-33.08 mm SL, Loreto, upper Amazon, Corrientes River, drainages of the Creek Huayuri (2°35'51.05" S, 76°13'53.31" W, 208 m a.s.l.). MUSM 28682 (3 of 16), 41.61-46.12 mm SL, Loreto, upper Amazonas, Andoas, Creek San Carlos, flowing intoManchari River (2°24'34.59" S, 76°6'35.69" W, 196 m a.s.l.). MUSM 32124 (1), 27.07 mm SL, Loreto, upper Amazon, Andoas, Corrientes River Basin, Platanoyacu River (3°8'26.54" S, 75°45'8.65" W, 153 m a.s.l.). MUSM 33159 (2 of 41), 29.25-43.92 mm SL, Loreto, upper Amazon, Andoas, Pastaza River, Creek Carmen (2°22'43.85" S, 76°9'44.12" W, 216 m a.s.l.). Chrysobrycon myersi: Peru: MUSM 12040 (1), 29.74 mm SL, Cusco, La Convención, Echarate, Urubamba River Basin, Picha River, Cocha Kamariampiveni, (approximately 11°36'00" S, 73°05'00" W, 380 m a.s.l.). MUSM 18908 (2 of 38), 42.44-48.63 mm SL, Pasco, Oxapampa. Puerto Bermudez, River Pachitea Basin, Creek Atas, (approximately 10°17'47" S, 74°56'11.04" W, 259 m a.s.l.). MUSM 36084 (3 of 3), 37.09-58.74 mm SL, Cusco, La Convención, Echarate, Urubamba Basin, Parotori River, Poyriari River, (12°10'44.61" S, 73°5'18.18" W, 585 m a.s.l.). MUSM 36109 (2 of 3), 32.81-36.30 mm SL, Cusco, La Convención, Echarate, Urubamba River, Parotori River, Poyriari River, Creek Piriabindeni, (12°1'13.05" S, 73°0'23.59" W, 585 m a.s.l.). MUSM 36125 (3 of 8), 29.2238.62 mm SL, Cusco, La Convención, Echarate, Parotori River, Creek Piriabindeni (12°1'19.29" S, 73°4'14.66" W, 545 m a.s.l.). MUSM 37889 (2 of 4), 45.06-51.02 mm SL, Junin, Satipo, Mashira, Tambo River Basin, Creek Capirosankari (11°1'24.80" S, 73°33'36.08" W, 420 m a.s.l.). MUSM 37933 (3 of 10), 57.97-60.84 mm SL, Peru, Cusco, La Convención, Echarate, Kinterani, Creek Naca-naca, (11°28'9.49" S, 73°18'1.97" W, 420 m a.s.l.). Comparative material examined. Chrysobrycon hesperus: ANSP 75914 (1 paratype), 59.49 mm SL, Suno River near mouth, tributary upper Napo River. ANSP 79512 (1 paratype), 78.13 mm SL, Pucuno River, a tributary of Suno River, upper Napo River system. Chrysobrycon myersi: Peru: ANSP 112325 (2 paratypes), 36.23-36.55 mm SL, Huanuco, small tributary to River Pachitea, near airstrip at Tournavista.

We are grateful to the members of the ichthyology lab at MUSM for their help and collaboration, especially to Hernán Ortega, Junior Chuctaya, and Max Hidalgo; Mariangeles Arce (MCP) provided photos of some material deposited at ANSP; Mark Sabaj for the access to material at ANSP. This study benefited from a Latin-American grant CONICET-Argentina. Additional financial support was provided by the Project 2814 (J.A.V.R.), Fundación para Promoción de la Investigación y la Tecnología, Banco de la República, Colombia, CONICET and ANPCYT (PICT 913, M.M.A.).

Literature cited

Böhlke, J. 1958. Studies on Fishes of the family Characidae. N° 14. A report on several extensive recent collections from Ecuador. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 110:1-121.         [ Links ]

Eschmeyer, W. 1998. Catalog of fishes. Volume 1. California Academy of Natural Sciences, KNI Incorporated, Anaheim, California. 958 p.         [ Links ]

Eschmeyer, W. N. and R. Fricke (eds.). 2011. Catalog of fishes, electronic version. Academy of Sciences, California. http://research.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatmain.asp; last access: 11.XI.2011.         [ Links ]

Fink, W. L. and S. H. Weitzman. 1974. The so-called cheirodontin fishes of central America with descriptions of two new species (Pisces: Characidae). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 172:1-46.         [ Links ]

Maldonado-Ocampo, J., R. P. Vari and J. S. Usma. 2008. Checklist of the freshwater fishes of Colombia. Biota Colombiana 9:143-237.         [ Links ]

Mojica, J. I., G. Galviz, F. Arbeláez, M. Santos, S. Vejarano, E. Prieto-Piraquive, M. Arce, P. Sánchez-Duarte, C. Castellanos, A. Gutiérrez, S. R. Duque, J. Lobón-Cervia and C. Granado-Lorencio. 2005. Peces de la cuenca del río Amazonas en Colombia: región Leticia. Biota Colombiana 6:91-210.         [ Links ]

Ortega, H., J. I. Mojica, J. C. Alonso and M. Hidalgo. 2006. Listado de los peces de la cuenca del río Putumayo en su sector Colombo-peruano. Biota Colombiana 7:95-112.         [ Links ]

Weitzman, S. H. 2003. Subfamily Glandulocaudinae (Characins, tetras). In Check list of the freshwater fishes of South and Central America, R. E. Reis, S. O. Kullander and C. J. Ferraris Jr. (eds.). Edipucrs, Porto Alegre. p. 222-230.         [ Links ]

Weitzman, S. H. and J. E. Thomerson. 1970. A new species of glandulocaudine characid fish, Hysteronotus myersi, from Peru. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 38:139-156.         [ Links ]

Weitzman, S. H. and N. A. Menezes. 1998. Relationships of the tribes and genera of the Glandulocaudinae (Ostariophysi: Characiformes: Characidae) with a description of a new genus, Chrysobrycon. In Phylogeny and classification of Neotropical Fishes, L. R. Malabarba, R. E. Reis, R. P. Vari, Z. M. S. Lucena and C. A. S. Lucena (eds.). Edipucrs, Porto Alegre. p. 171-192.         [ Links ]

Vanegas-Ríos, J. A., M. M. Azpelicueta and H. Ortega. 2011. Chrysobrycon eliasi, new species of stevardiine fish (Characiformes: Characidae) from the río Madre de Dios and upper río Manuripe basins, Peru. Neotropical Ichthyology 9:731-740.         [ Links ]