New host records for Anenterotrematidae, Lecithodendriidae and Urotrematidae trematodes in bats from Argentina, with redescription of Anenterotrema liliputianum

Nuevos registros de trematodos Anenterotrematidae, Lecitodendriidae y Urotrematidae en murciélagos de Argentina y redescripción de Anenterotrema liliputianum

Lía I. Lunaschi¹* and Juliana Notarnicola²

¹ División de Invertebrados, Museo de Ciencias Naturales de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque s/n, 1900 La Plata, Argentina.

² Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores (CEPAVE). Calle 2 n° 584, 1900 La Plata, Argentina.

*Correspondent:
lunaschi@fcnym.unlp.edu.ar

Recibido: 28 abril 2009
Aceptado: 19 agosto 2009

Abstract

Anenterotrema liliputianum (Travassos, 1928) (Anenterotrematidae) is redescribed based on the type specimens fromMolossus molossus (Pallas) and Phyllostomus elongatus (Geoffroy) from Brazil, and also on new specimens collected from the Dwarf Dog–faced Bat, Molossops temminckii (Burmeister) (Molossidae) in Argentina. In addition, we report the finding of Gymnoacetabulum talaveraensis (Lunaschi, 2002), Ochoterenatrema labda Caballero, 1943 (Lecithodendriidae), and Urotrema scabridum Braum, 1900 (Urotrematidae) parasitizing Vespertilionidae and Molossidae bats from Buenos Aires and Misiones provinces, and measurements, prevalence, and mean intensity for these trematodes are provided. In addition, the host spectrum and distribution for A. liliputianum and O. labda is increased, and U. scabridum is recorded for the first time parasitizing bats in Argentina.

Key words: Trematoda, bats, Anenterotrema liliputianum, Gymnoacetabulum talaveraensis, Ochoterenatrema labda, Urotrema scabridum, Argentina.

Resumen

Se re–describe Anenterotrema liliputianum (Travassos, 1928) (Anenterotrematidae) a partir de ejemplares tipo depositados en el Instituto Oswaldo Cruz recolectados de Molossus molossus (Pallas) y Phyllostomus elongatus (Geoffroy) de Brasil y de ejemplares hallados parasitando al moloso pigmeo Molossops temminckii (Burmeister) (Molossidae) en Argentina. Se registra además, el hallazgo de Gymnoacetabulum talaveraensis (Lunaschi, 2002), Ochoterenatrema labda Caballero, 1943 (Lecithodendriidae) y Urotrema scabridum Braum, 1900 (Urotrematidae) parasitando a murciélagos Vespertilionidae y Molosidae de las provincias de Buenos Aires y Misiones. Se proporcionan las medidas, prevalencia e intensidad media para estos digéneos. Además, se amplía el registro de hospedadores y localidades para A. liliputianum y O. labda y se encuentra por primera vez U. scabridum como parásito de quirópteros en la Argentina.

Palabras clave: Trematoda, murciélagos, Anenterotrema liliputianum, Gymnoacetabulum talaveraensis, Ochoterenatrema labda, Urotrema scabridum, Argentina.

Introduction

Reports on the digenean trematodes parasitizing bats from the Neotropical Region are well documented by Caballero (1940; 1960), Pérez–Ponce de León et al. (1996) and Guzmán–Cornejo et al. (2003) from Mexico; Bartschi (2002) from Belize; Thatcher (1982), Castiblanco and Vélez (1982), Vélez and Thatcher (1990), Caro et al (2003) from Colombia; Travassos (1928), Travassos et al. (1969), Foster and Mertins (1996), Portes Santos and Gibson (1998) from Brazil; Marshall and Miller (1979) from Ecuador; Caballero (1964), Caballero and Brenes (1957) from Costa Rica; Pérez Vigueras (1940), Dubois (1960), Odening (1973), Zdzitowiecki and Rutkowska (1980) from Cuba; Caballero (1960) from Honduras; Thatcher (1982) from Panama; Lent et al. (1945), Vaucher (1981) , Caballero (1964) from Paraguay; Dubois (1983) from Perú, and finally, by Mañé–Garzón and Telias (1965), Mañé–Garzón and González (1976) from Uruguay.

In Argentina more than 60 species of bats pertaining to 4 families have been recorded (Barquez et al., 2006), but only 3 species of bats, Myotis nigrigans (Schinz), Myotis levis (Geoffroy) (Vespertilionidae), and Tadarida brasiliensis (Geoffroy) (Molossidae) were recorded as hosts of trematodes from Lecithodendriidae and Topsiturvitrematidae (Lunaschi 2002a; 2004; 2006; Lunaschi et al., 2003).

The taxonomy of some trematode species belonging to Lecithodendriidae and Anenterotrematidae is confusing because they have been incompletely described, type specimens have been lost, or the species have been synonymized without studying the type material. For instance, Prosthodendrium paeminosum Caballero, 1943 was synonymized with P. naviculum Macy, 1936, and later with Ochoterenatrema labda Caballero, 1943 (Dubois, 1955; Lunaschi, 2002b); Edcaballerotrema Freitas, 1960 was considered synonym of Anenterotrema Stunkard, 1938 (Caballero, 1960; Portes Santos and Gibson, 1998). Lunaschi (2002a; 2002b; 2004) and Lunaschi et al. (2003) re–described and synonymized species of Lecithodendriidae based on the re–examination of type material and new specimens recovered from bats in Argentina.

Continuing with the surveys on parasites from Chiroptera, several species of bats were collected in Buenos Aires and Misiones provinces, Argentina. In this paper we report the species of digeneans found during these collections, and re–describe Anenterotrema liliputianum (Travassos, 1928) (Anenterotrematidae).

Materials and methods

During January 1995, Dr. Carola Sutton from Museo de La Plata (MLP) trapped 8 Tadarida brasiliensis and 32 M. levis on Isla Talavera, Zárate, Buenos Aires province. In August 1999 and May 2000, the authors collected 43 T. brasiliensis and 8 M. levis at Estancia San Pedro, Castelli, 8 T. brasiliensis in La Plata city, and 8 T. brasiliensis at González Chaves, Buenos Aires province. Bats were caught using a mist net. We also trapped 1 specimen of Eumops bonariensis (Peters) and 2 Molossops temminckii (Burmeister) (Molossidae) in May 1997 and September 1999, respectively, in the Reserva Valle del Arroyo Cuñá Pirú, Cainguás, Misiones province. These specimens were hand– caught while rooting within pipes of a bridge. Bats were killed with ether and dissected. Trematodes were recovered from the intestine, fixed in warm formalin, and flattened. They were stained with 1:6 dilutions in 96° ethanol of hydrochloric carmine, dehydrated and mounted in Canada balsam. Measurements are given in micrometers (μηι), and ranges are followed by means in parentheses. Drawings were made with the aid of a drawing tube. For comparative purposes, we also studied specimens of A. liliputianum from the Helminthological Collection of the Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (CHIOC). Bats from Isla Talavera were identified to the species level by Francois Baud and deposited at the Département de Mammalogie et Ornithologie of the Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle of Geneva (MHNG), France. The remaining bats were identified by Mariano Merino of the Museo de La Plata, Argentina, and deposited in the Mammal Collection there (CMMLP). Hosts are numbered as follow: CMMLP corresponds to the Mammal Collection of the Museo de La Plata; CHBS and "sp. 1 to 8" correspond to field numbers from Bahía de Samborombón; and CHLP to field number from La Plata. For the systematic of the host we followed Wilson and Reeder (2005). Specimens of parasites were deposited in the Helminthological Collections of the Museo de La Plata (MLP).

Descriptions

Family Anenterotrematidae

Anenterotrema liliputianum (Travassos, 1928) Caballero, 1964 Table 1. (Figs. 1–2)

Redescription. Body elongate–oval, minute. Tegument smooth. Oral sucker subterminal, without lateral papiliform projections. Ventral sucker in the anterior half of the body, of similar size as the oral sucker. Pharynx and intestinal caeca absent. Genital pore median in middle half of forebody. Genital atrium slightly deepened. Cirrus pouch lies close to the anterior margin of the ventral sucker, and contains folded and elongated seminal vesicle, wide pars prostatica, and cirrus (see Fig. 2). Testis lateral, symmetrical, and posterior or at the level of the ventral sucker. Ovary median or submedian, posterior to ventral sucker (Fig. 1). Seminal receptacle present. Vitellarium follicular, extending posteriorly to left testis; great follicles in 1 lateral field, irregularly placed between uterine coils. Uterus occupying the hindbody, reaching the level of the cirrus pouch in the forebody. Metraterm large. Eggs numerous, operculate, with bright yellow coloration. Excretory vesicle not seen.

Material studied: Edcaballerotrema liliputianum (Travassos, 1928) Freitas, 1961 from Molossus molossus (Pallas) (Molosidae) (originally cited as Molossus major crassicaudatus) CHIOC N° 28208; and from Phyllostomus elongatus (Geoffroy) (Phyllostomidae) CHIOC N° 28214; 28215. Material identified as Anenterotrema eduardocaballeroi (Freitas 1960) Caballero 1960 from Molossus rufus Geoffroy CHIOC N° 28004, 28005 a–c, 28006 a–c

Site of infection: intestine.

Locality: Recife, Pernambuco and Serra do Tinguá, RJ, Brazil.

Other hosts: Molossops temminckii (Burmeister) (Molossidae) CMMLP31.XII.02.76

Site of infection: intestine.

Locality: Reserva Valle del Arroyo Cuñá Pirú (27°05'15'' S; 54°57'09'' W), Cainguás, Misiones.

Prevalence, intensity: 1 of 2; 15 worms

Voucher specimens deposited: MLP 5598

Remarks

A brief description of the genus Anenterotrema Stunkard, 1938 was given by Portes Santos and Gibson (1998). This genus comprises 6 species, 1 of which, A. liliputianum was originally described by Travassos (1928) as Paralecithodendrium liliputianum Travassos, from the intestine of Peropteryx macrotis (Wagner) (Emballonuridae) (cited as Peropteryx canina, latter assigned to Molossidae sp.cf. Freitas, 1961) from Angra dos Reis, RJ, Brazil, including it between the lecithodendriids. Travassos (1928) could not observe the vitellarium. Freitas (1961) redescribed and transfered P. liliputianum to the genus Edcaballerotrema, as E. liliputianum (Travassos, 1928), on the basis of the type specimens. Later, Freitas and Dobbin (1962) reported this species from M. molossus and from P. elongatus in Brazil. However, these authors could not clarify the position of the vitellarium, which was established by Yamaguti (1971), as posterior to the left testis plus a compact vitelline reservoir. Thus, he transferred these specimens to the genus Anenterotrema (Anenterotrematidae). Finally, Portes Santos and Gibson (1998) examined the holotype (CHIOC 33.657) and concluded that it is not possible to see the vitellarium due to the large number of eggs in the uterus. The specimens studied herein (CHIOC 28004, 28005 a–c, 28006 a–c, 28208, 28214, 28215, plus our specimens) confirm the position of the vitellarium as Yamaguti (1971) stated. With this finding, we increase the number of host species and its distribution, recording it for the first time in Argentina.

Family Lecithodendriidae

Gymnoacetabulum talaveraensis (Lunaschi, 2002) Lunaschi, 2007

In Table 2 are given the measurements based on 3 specimens.

Taxonomic summary

Hosts: Tadarida brasiliensis (Geoffroy) (Molossidae) N° CHBS 001–025; 028; 029; 034–048; Myotis levis (Geoffroy) (Vespertilionidae) N° sp.1–8.

Site of infection: intestine. Coparasitism with O. labda.

Locality: Estancia San Pedro (36°1' S; 57°26' W), Castelli, Buenos Aires

Prevalence and mean intensity: from T. brasiliensis 34.8 % (15 of 43), 31.93 (11– 66) parasites; from M. levis 12.5% (1 of 8), 20 parasite, respectively.

Remarks

Lunaschi (2002a) originally described this species as Suttonia talaveraensis; recently was transferred by Lunaschi (2007) [in Lunaschi and Drago (2007)] to Gymnoacetabulum talaveraensis (Lunaschi, 2002) because the generic name was preoccupied. As the author stated, this species display a genito–acetabular pouch more complex than those presented in the genera Sturniratrema Vélez and Thatcher, 1990 and Chiropterotrema Vélez and Thatcher, 1990. Herein, we found these digeneans parasitizing the same host species as the original publication. Estancia San Pedro is located 200 kilometers south to the type locality, Isla Talavera, and both localities are constituted by wetlands, near Rio de la Plata.

Ochoterenatrema labda Caballero, 1943

In Table 2 are given the measurements based on 28 specimens.

Taxonomic summary

Hosts: Tadarida brasiliensis (Geoffroy) (Molossidae) N° CHBS 001 to 025; 028; 029; 034 to 048; CHLP 024; Myotis levis (Geoffroy) (Vespertilionidae) N° sp.1 to 8.

Site of infection: intestine, anterior portion; coparasitism with G. talaveraensis.

Localities: Isla Talavera (34°06' S; 59°04' W); González Chaves (37°54'33'' S; 60°16'20'' W); Estancia San Pedro (36°01' S; 57°26' W), Castelli; La Plata city (34°55' S; 57°59' W) (Buenos Aires, Argentina).

Specimens deposited: from T. brasiliensis, Isla Talavera: slide MLP 4859; fromM. levis, Isla Talavera: slides MLP 4860 to 4863/1; from M. levis, Estancia San Pedro: vials MLP 5618, 5619/2, 5621/2; T. brasiliensis, La Plata: vials MLP 5599/2 to 5616/2.

In Table 3, the prevalence and mean intensity are detailed. This species was originally described from T. brasiliensis and Natalus stramineus Gray, 1838 (Natalidae) (cited as Natalus mexicanus Miller) from Mexico (Caballero 1943a). Ochoterenatrema labda has also been reported parasitizing bat species from the USA, Mexico, Colombia, and Panama, mainly in North and Central America (Caballero, 1943b, 1960, 1964; Cain, 1966; Foster and Mertins, 1996; Castiblanco and Vélez, 1982; Guzmán–Cornejo et al., 2003; Nahhas et al., 2005). Herein, we present the first record of O. labda in Argentina, and M. levis represents a new host record.

Lunaschi (2002b) redescribed O. labda based on the type material of Caballero from Mexico, clarifying the synonymies. Specimens are characterized by a pseudogonotyl and pretesticular vitellaria (Cain, 1966). The pseudogonotyl had been interpreted as a conspicuous poral area, with a developed sexual pore located at the left of the ventral sucker. Cain (1966) described the pseudogonotyl very well in specimens from T. brasiliensis mexicana (Saussure) from New Mexico–USA, and he observed the same structure in specimens loaned by Caballero from Mexico. Because of the pseudogonotyl is difficult to observe, several authors have included specimens belonging to Ochoterenatrema in other genera [e.g.: Prosthodendrium cordiforme Caballero and Brenes, 1957 was tranferred to O. diminutum by Dubois (1960); P. travassosi Macy, 1938 to O. travassosi by Lotz and Font (1983); P. paeminosum to O. labda by Lunaschi (2002b)]. Morphology and measurements of the present specimens are in agreed with those studied by Lunaschi (2002b) from Mexico. Despite O. labda parasitizing several host species and display a large geographic distribution, its morphology and dimensions are very constant.

Family Urotrematidae

Urotrema scabridum Braum, 1900

In Table 2 are given the measurements based on 8 specimens.

Taxonomic summary

Hosts: Myotis levis (Geoffroy) (Vespertilionidae) N° sp.2; sp.8; Molossops temminckii (Burmeister) CMMLP31. XII.02.76; Eumops bonariensis (Peters) CMMLP 02.IX.97.01; and Tadarida brasiliensis (Geoffroy) (Molossidae).

Site ofinfection: intestine. Coparasitism withA. liliputianum on M. temminckii.

Localities: Isla Talavera (34°06' S; 59°04' W); González Chaves (37°54'33'' S; 60°16'20''W); Estancia San Pedro (36°01' S; 57°26' W), Buenos Aires; and Reserva Valle del Arroyo Cuñá Pirú (27°05'15'' S; 54°57'09'' W), Cainguás, Misiones, Argentina.

M. temminckii: slide MLP 4865; from E. bonariensis: slide MLP 4866.

Remarks

In Table 4 prevalence and mean intensity are detailed for Urotrema scabridum. This is a well–known species, frequently found in different bats from America (Braun, 1900; Chandler, 1938; Pérez Vigueras, 1940; Lamothe–Argumedo et al., 1997; Castiblanco and Vélez, 1982; Caro et al., 2003, among others). It has been also found parasitizing rodents from USA (Price, 1931; Penner, 1941) and Uruguay (Mañé–Garzón and Telias, 1965; Sutton and Lunaschi, 1990); in Argentina, Sutton and Lunaschi (1990) recorded this species in Holochilus brasiliensis vulpinus (Brants) (Rodentia). Hence, this is the first report of U. scabridum in bats from this country.

Acknowledgements

We thank Hugo Merlo Álvarez and Mariano Merino for their help in collecting the bats and Maria Cristina Estivariz for the drawings. We also thanks to the family Ezquiaga from Castelli for their hospitality.

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