Removal of Direct Dyes with Alginic Acid
Juan Antonio Lozano-Alvarez,1 Virginia-Francisca Marañón-Ruiz,2* Juan Jáuregui-Rincón,1 Iliana Medina-Ramírez,3 Claudio Frausto-Reyes4 and Rogelio Salinas-Gutiérrez 5
1 Departamento de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Av. Universidad 940 Cd. universitaria, Aguascalientes, México, C.P. 20131.
2 Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra y de la Vida, Centro Universitario de los Lagos, Universidad de Guadalajara. Av. Enrique Díaz de León # 1144, Col. Paseos de la Montaña, Lagos de Moreno, Jalisco, México, C.P.47460.
3 Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Av. Universidad 940 Cd. universitaria, Aguascalientes, México, C.P. 20131.
]]> 4 Centro de Investigaciones en óptica, Unidad Aguascalientes, Prol. Constitución 607, Fracc. Reserva Loma Bonita Aguascalientes, México, C. P. 20200.5 Departamento de Estadística, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Av. Universidad 940 Cd. universitaria, Aguascalientes, México, C.P. 20131.
* Correspondence:
Telephone: 52 (474) 7424314 Ext. 66585.
Fax: 52 (474) 7423678.
Mail Adress: vmaranon@culagos.udg.mx
Received July 27,2015;
Accepted November 10, 2015.
Abstract
The interaction of Alginic acid with three direct dyes (Direct blue 1, Direct red 81, and Direct black 22) was studied. It was found that as a result of this interaction formation of adducts after addition of calcium ion, facilitates their removal from aqueous solution. Our results suggest a relationship among physico-chemical properties of each dye and its removal efficiency. The main mechanisms involved in dye removal are electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions.
Key words: Alginic acid, direct dyes, electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interactions.
Resumen
La interacción del ácido algínico con tres colorantes directos (azul directo 1, rojo directo 81 y negro directo 22) fue estudiada. Se encontró que como resultado de esta interacción, la formación de aductos tras la adición del ion calcio, facilita su remoción de solución acuosa. Nuestros resultados sugieren una relación entre las propiedades fisicoquímicas de cada colorante y su eficiencia de remoción. Los principales mecanismos involucrados en la remoción de colorantes son las interacciones electrostáticas, puentes de hidrógeno e interacciones hidrofóbicas.
Palabras clave: Ácido algínico; colorantes directos; interacciones electrostáticas; puentes de hidrógeno; interacciones hidrofóbicas.
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]]>Acknowledgements
We gratefully acknowledged the support for this project by Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, México (CONACYT, GRANT No.9502). The authors wish to thank Dr. Carlos Peña-Malacara (Instituto de Biotecnología de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México) for the molecular weight determination of the biopolymer used in this work.
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