Application of Oxidizing Properties of Permanganate to the Determination of Famotidine in Pharmaceutical Formulations
Kanakapura Basavaiah* and Okram Zenita Devi
Department of Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysore–570 006, India. basavaiahk@yahoo.co.in
Received February 15, 2010.
Accepted June 17, 2010.
Abstract
One titrimetric and two spectrophotometric methods are described for the determination of famotidine (FMT) in either pure form or in its pharmaceutical formulations. The methods are based on redox reaction between FMT and KMnO4 in acid and alkaline media. In titrimetry, an acidified solution of FMT is titrated directly with permanganate. Direct spectrophotometry (method A) involves treating the alkaline solution of the drug with permanganate and measuring the bluish green product at 610 nm. In indirect spectrophotometry (method .), the drug solution is treated with a fixed concentration of permanganate in H2SO4 medium, and after a specified time, the unreacted permanganate is measured at 545 nm. The molar combining ratio in titrimetry and the optimum assay conditions are studied. Titrimetry is applicable over 1–10 mg range and the calculations are based on a 1:3 (FMT: KMnO4) molar–ratio. In spectrophotometry, Beer's law is obeyed over 0.75–7.5 and 2.5–20 μg mL–1 for method A and method ., respectively. The molar absorptivity values are calculated to be 2.79 × 104 and 1.62 × 104 L mol–1 cm–1 for method A and method B, respectively, and the corresponding Sandell sensitivity values are 0.012 and 0.021 μg cm–2. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) are also reported for the spectrophotometric methods. The applicability of the developed methods was demonstrated by the determination of FMT in pure drug as well as in commercial dosage forms.
Keywords: Famotidine, assay, titrimetry, spectrophotometry, permanganate, pharmaceuticals.
Resumen
Se describen tres métodos, uno de titulación y dos espectrofotométricos, para la determinación de famotidina (FMT) en su forma pura o en sus formulaciones farmacéuticas. Los métodos están basados en la reacción redox entre FMT y KMnO4 en medios ácido y básico. En el método de titulación, una solución acidificada de FMT se titula directamente con permanganato de potasio. De los métodos espectrofotométricos, el método directo A consiste del tratamiento de la solución alcalina de la droga con KMnO4 y medición del producto verde azulado a 610 nm. En el método indirecto B, la solución de la druga se trata con una solución fija de KMnO4 en ácido sulfúrico y, después de un tiempo específico, el KMnO4 que no reaccionó se mide a 545 nm. Se estudió la proporción molar en el método de titulación, a fin de establecer las condiciones óptimas. Así, este método es aplicable en el intervalo de 1–10 mg, y los cálculos se basan en una proporción molar de FMT/KMnO4 (1:3). En los métodos espectrofotométricos A y B, la Ley de Beer se cumple en los intervalos de 0.757.5 y 2.5–20 μg mL–1, respectivamente. Los valores de absortividad molar se determinaron como 2.79 × 104 y 1.62 × 104 L mol–1 cm–1 para los métodos A y B, respectivamente, y los valores correspondientes de sensibilidad fueron 0.012 and 0.021 μg cm–2. Se describen igualmente los límites de detección (LOD) y cuantificación (LOQ) para los métodos espectrofotométricos. La aplicación de los métodos desarrollados se demostró en la determinación de FMT en su forma pura, así como en su forma de dosis comerciales.
Palabras clave: Famotidina, titulación, espectrofotometría, permanganato, fármacos.
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