<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1870-249X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Journal of the Mexican Chemical Society]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[J. Mex. Chem. Soc]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1870-249X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Química de México A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1870-249X2008000300004</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Investigation and Optimisation of the Use of Spectrophotometry for the Assay of Simvastatin with in situ Bromine and Three Dyes as Reagents]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Basavaiah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Kanakapura]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tharpa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Kalsang]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,University of Mysore Department of Chemistry ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>India</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>52</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>193</fpage>
<lpage>200</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1870-249X2008000300004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1870-249X2008000300004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1870-249X2008000300004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Three simple and sensitive spectrophotometric methods are described for the determination of simvastatin (SMT) in bulk drug and in tablets using bromate-bromide as the bromination reagent in acid medium, and three dyes as subsidiary reagents. All the three methods are based on the bromination of SMT by a known excess of in situ generated bromine followed by determination of unreacted bromine by reacting with a fixed amount of methyl orange (method A), indigo carmine (method B) or meta-cresol purple (method C) and measuring the absorbance at 510, 610 or 540 nm. In all the methods, the amount of bromine reacted corresponds to the amount of SMT. The experimental conditions for the assay have been optimized. In all the methods, the absorbance is found to increase linearly with the concentration of SMT at the respective wavelengths. Beer's law is obeyed over the ranges 0.5-3.0, 2.5-15.0 and 2.5-15.0 |ig mL-1 for method A, method B and method C, respectively and the respective molar absorptivity values are 1.0 ×10 5, 2.3 ×10(4) and 2.1 ×10(4) l mol-1 cm-1. The limits of detection and quantification are reported for all the methods. The performance of the methods was validated according to the present ICH guidelines. The methods gave similar results in terms of precision and accuracy. The repeatability and intermediate precision, expressed by the RSD was better than 2%. The accuracy of the methods expressed as relative error was satisfactory. The proposed methods were applied to the analysis of tablet form of SMT and the results tallied well with the label claim. No interference was observed from the concomitant substances normally added to tablets. The results were statistically compared with those of a literature method by applying the Student's t-test and F-test. The accuracy and validity of the methods were further ascertained by performing recovery studies via spike method and standard-addition method.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Se describen tres métodos espectrofotométricos simples y sensibles para la determinación de simvastatina (STM) en el medicamento a granel y en comprimidos usando bromato-bromuro como el reactivo de bromación en medio ácido, y tres colorantes como reactivos subsidiarios. Los tres métodos se basan en la bromación de STM por un exceso conocido de bromo generado in situ, seguida por la determinación del bromo que no reacciona, mediante una reacción con una cantidad fija de naranja de metilo (método A), carmín índigo (método B) o púrpura de metacresol (método C), y midiendo la absorbancia a 510, 610 o 540 nm. En todos los métodos, la cantidad de bromo que reacciona corresponde a la cantidad de STM. Las condiciones experimentales para la determinación fueron optimizadas. En todos los métodos, se encontró que la absorbancia se incrementa linealmente con la concentración de SMT a las respectivas longitudes de onda. La ley de Beer se cumple en los intervalos de 0.5-3.0, 2.5-15.0 y 2.5-15.0 mL-1 para el método A, el método B y el método C, respectivamente, y los valores de los respectivos coeficientes de absortividad molar son 1.0 ×10 5, 2.3 ×10(4) y 2.1 ×10(4) l mol-1 cm-1. Los límites de detección y cuantificación se reportan para cada método. El desempeño de los métodos se validó de acuerdo con los procedimientos actuales ICH. Los métodos dieron resultados semejantes en términos de precisión y exactitud. La repetibilidad y la precisión intermedia, expresadas por el RSD fueron mejor que el 2%. La exactitud de los métodos, expresada como error relativo, fue satisfactoria. Los métodos propuestos fueron aplicados satisfactoriamente al análisis de STM en comprimidos y los resultados correspondieron con lo reportado en el marbete. No se observaron interferencias de las substancias concomitantes normalmente añadidas a los comprimidos. Los resultados fueron estadísticamente comparados con otros métodos publicados en la literatura aplicando la prueba t y F de Student. La exactitud y la validez de los métodos fueron adicionalmente comprobadas a través de la realización de estudios de recuperación de muestras fortificadas y el método de adiciones patrón.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Simvastatin]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[spectrophotometry]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[bromate-bromide]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[pharmaceuticals]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[dyes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Simvastatina]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[espectrofotometria]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[bromato-bromuro]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[medicamentos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[colorantes]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="4">Article</font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="4"><b>Investigation and Optimisation of the Use of Spectrophotometry for the Assay of Simvastatin with <i>in situ </i>Bromine and Three Dyes as Reagents</b></font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Kanakapura Basavaiah<sup>*</sup> and Kalsang Tharpa</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i>Department of Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore&#150; 570 006, India. Fax: +91821&#150;242163. <sup>*</sup>Responsible author:</i> <a href="mailto:basavaiahk@yahoo.co.in">basavaiahk@yahoo.co.in</a></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Recibido el 16 de abril de 2008    <br>   Aceptado el 26 de junio de 2008</font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Abstract</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Three simple and sensitive spectrophotometric methods are described for the determination of simvastatin (SMT) in bulk drug and in tablets using bromate&#150;bromide as the bromination reagent in acid medium, and three dyes as subsidiary reagents. All the three methods are based on the bromination of SMT by a known excess of <i>in situ </i>generated bromine followed by determination of unreacted bromine by reacting with a fixed amount of methyl orange (method A), indigo carmine (method B) or meta&#150;cresol purple (method C) and measuring the absorbance at 510, 610 or 540 nm. In all the methods, the amount of bromine reacted corresponds to the amount of SMT. The experimental conditions for the assay have been optimized. In all the methods, the absorbance is found to increase linearly with the concentration of SMT at the respective wavelengths. Beer's law is obeyed over the ranges 0.5&#150;3.0, 2.5&#150;15.0 and 2.5&#150;15.0 |ig mL<sup>&#150;1</sup> for method A, method B and method C, respectively and the respective molar absorptivity values are 1.0 &times;10 <sup>5</sup>, 2.3 &times;10<sup>4</sup> and 2.1 &times;10<sup>4 </sup>l mol<sup>&#150;1</sup> cm<sup>&#150;1</sup>. The limits of detection and quantification are reported for all the methods. The performance of the methods was validated according to the present ICH guidelines. The methods gave similar results in terms of precision and accuracy. The repeatability and intermediate precision, expressed by the RSD was better than 2%. The accuracy of the methods expressed as relative error was satisfactory. The proposed methods were applied to the analysis of tablet form of SMT and the results tallied well with the label claim. No interference was observed from the concomitant substances normally added to tablets. The results were statistically compared with those of a literature method by applying the Student's t&#150;test and F&#150;test. The accuracy and validity of the methods were further ascertained by performing recovery studies <i>via </i>spike method and standard&#150;addition method.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Keywords</b>: Simvastatin, spectrophotometry, bromate&#150;bromide, pharmaceuticals, dyes.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Resumen</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Se describen tres m&eacute;todos espectrofotom&eacute;tricos simples y sensibles para la determinaci&oacute;n de simvastatina (STM) en el medicamento a granel y en comprimidos usando bromato&#150;bromuro como el reactivo de bromaci&oacute;n en medio &aacute;cido, y tres colorantes como reactivos subsidiarios. Los tres m&eacute;todos se basan en la bromaci&oacute;n de STM por un exceso conocido de bromo generado <i>in situ, </i>seguida por la determinaci&oacute;n del bromo que no reacciona, mediante una reacci&oacute;n con una cantidad fija de naranja de metilo (m&eacute;todo A), carm&iacute;n &iacute;ndigo (m&eacute;todo B) o p&uacute;rpura de metacresol (m&eacute;todo C), y midiendo la absorbancia a 510, 610 o 540 nm. En todos los m&eacute;todos, la cantidad de bromo que reacciona corresponde a la cantidad de STM. Las condiciones experimentales para la determinaci&oacute;n fueron optimizadas. En todos los m&eacute;todos, se encontr&oacute; que la absorbancia se incrementa linealmente con la concentraci&oacute;n de SMT a las respectivas longitudes de onda. La ley de Beer se cumple en los intervalos de 0.5&#150;3.0, 2.5&#150;15.0 y 2.5&#150;15.0 mL<sup>&#150;1</sup> para el m&eacute;todo A, el m&eacute;todo B y el m&eacute;todo C, respectivamente, y los valores de los respectivos coeficientes de absortividad molar son 1.0 &times;10 <sup>5</sup>, 2.3 &times;10<sup>4</sup> y 2.1 &times;10<sup>4</sup> l mol<sup>&#150;1</sup> cm<sup>&#150;1</sup>. Los l&iacute;mites de detecci&oacute;n y cuantificaci&oacute;n se reportan para cada m&eacute;todo. El desempe&ntilde;o de los m&eacute;todos se valid&oacute; de acuerdo con los procedimientos actuales ICH. Los m&eacute;todos dieron resultados semejantes en t&eacute;rminos de precisi&oacute;n y exactitud. La repetibilidad y la precisi&oacute;n intermedia, expresadas por el RSD fueron mejor que el 2%. La exactitud de los m&eacute;todos, expresada como error relativo, fue satisfactoria. Los m&eacute;todos propuestos fueron aplicados satisfactoriamente al an&aacute;lisis de STM en comprimidos y los resultados correspondieron con lo reportado en el marbete. No se observaron interferencias de las substancias concomitantes normalmente a&ntilde;adidas a los comprimidos. Los resultados fueron estad&iacute;sticamente comparados con otros m&eacute;todos publicados en la literatura aplicando la prueba t y F de Student. La exactitud y la validez de los m&eacute;todos fueron adicionalmente comprobadas a trav&eacute;s de la realizaci&oacute;n de estudios de recuperaci&oacute;n de muestras fortificadas y el m&eacute;todo de adiciones patr&oacute;n.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Palabras clave</b>: Simvastatina, espectrofotometria, bromato&#150;bromuro, medicamentos, colorantes.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><a href="/pdf/jmcs/v52n3/v52n3a4.pdf" target="_blank">DESCARGAR ART&Iacute;CULO EN FORMATO PDF</a></font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>References</b></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">1. The United States Pharmacopoeia 25, the National Formulary 20, United States Pharmocopocial Convention Inc. <b>2002,</b> 9, 571&#150;572.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=4932815&pid=S1870-249X200800030000400001&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">2. Erk, N. <i>Pharmazie </i><b>2002,</b> 57, 817&#150;819.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=4932817&pid=S1870-249X200800030000400002&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">3. Xu, L. <i>Zhongguo Yiyao Gongye Zazhi </i><b>2001,</b> 32, 271&#150;272; Sci. Finder CAN 735:362691; AN <b>2001,</b> 606960.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=4932819&pid=S1870-249X200800030000400003&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">4. Zhonghong, L.; Shurong, T. <i>Zhongguo Yaoxue Zazhi </i><b>2000,</b> 35, 554&#150;556.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=4932821&pid=S1870-249X200800030000400004&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">5. Wang, L.; Asgharnejad, M. <i>J. Pharm. Boimed. Anal. </i><b>2000,</b> <i>21, </i>1243&#150;1248.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=4932823&pid=S1870-249X200800030000400005&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">6. Arayne, M. S.; Sultana, N.; Hussain F.; Ali, S.A. <i>J. Anal. Chem. </i><b>2007,</b> <i>62, </i>536&#150;541.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=4932825&pid=S1870-249X200800030000400006&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">7. Ying, L.; Jianwei, X. Yaowu Fenxi Zazhi. <b>2005,</b> 25, 523&#150;525.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=4932827&pid=S1870-249X200800030000400007&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">8. Abu&#150;Nameh, E. S. M.; Shawabkeh, R. A.; Ali, A. <i>J. Anal. Chem. </i><b>2006,</b> 61, 63&#150;66.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=4932829&pid=S1870-249X200800030000400008&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">9. Godoy, R.; Godoy, C. G.; De Diego, M.; G&oacute;mez, C. <i>J. Chil. Chem. Soc. </i><b>2004,</b> <i>49, </i>289&#150;290.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=4932831&pid=S1870-249X200800030000400009&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">10. Yan, X.; Cao, G.; He, X.; Hu, X.; Gu. D. <i>Huaxi Yaoxue Zazhi </i><b>2000,</b> <i>15, </i>205&#150;206.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=4932833&pid=S1870-249X200800030000400010&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">11. Wang, J. <i>Zhongguo Yiyao Gongye Zazhi </i><b>2000,</b> 31,121&#150;122; Sci Finder, CAN 132:284323; AN <b>2000,</b> 293986.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=4932835&pid=S1870-249X200800030000400011&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">12. Chaudhari, B. G.; Patel, N. M.; Shah, P. B. <i>Indian J. Pharm. Sci. </i><b>2007,</b> 69, 130&#150;132.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=4932837&pid=S1870-249X200800030000400012&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">13. Srinivasu, M. K.; Raju, A. N.; Reddy, G. O. <i>J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. </i><b>2002,</b> 29, 715&#150;721.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=4932839&pid=S1870-249X200800030000400013&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">14. Coruh, O.; Ozkan, S. A. <i>Die Pharmazie </i><b>2006,</b> 61, 285&#150;290.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=4932841&pid=S1870-249X200800030000400014&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">15. Saradhi, S. V.; Himabindu, V.; Rao, G. D. <i>Acta Ciencia Indica </i>2007, 33, 205&#150;208. CAN 147, 455839; AN <b>2007,</b> 1226796.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=4932843&pid=S1870-249X200800030000400015&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">16. Basavaiah, K.; Anil Kumar, U. R. <i>J. Mex. Chem. Soc. </i><b>2007,</b> 51, 106&#150;112.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=4932845&pid=S1870-249X200800030000400016&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">17. Basavaiah, K.; Anil Kumar, U. R. <i>Indian J. Chem. Technol. </i><b>2007,</b> 14, 611&#150;615.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=4932847&pid=S1870-249X200800030000400017&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">18. Basavaiah, K.; Ramakrishna, V.; Somashekar, B. C.; Anil Kumar, U. R. <i>Acad. Braz. Cienc. </i><b>2008,</b> <i>80, </i>1&#150;10.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=4932849&pid=S1870-249X200800030000400018&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">19. Basavaiah, K.; Anil Kumar, U. R. <i>Ecletica Quim. </i><b>2007,</b> 4, 154&#150;161.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=4932851&pid=S1870-249X200800030000400019&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">20. Basavaiah, K.; Anil Kumar, U. R. <i>E&#150;J. Chem. </i><b>2006,</b> 3, 242&#150;249.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=4932853&pid=S1870-249X200800030000400020&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">21. Basavaiah, K.; Somashekar, B. C.; Ramakrishna, V. <i>Indian J. Chem. Technol. </i><b>2006,</b> <i>13, </i>353&#150;359.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=4932855&pid=S1870-249X200800030000400021&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">22. Shabir, G. A. <i>J. Chromatogr A. </i><b>2003,</b> 987, 57&#150;66.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=4932857&pid=S1870-249X200800030000400022&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">23. International Conference on Hormonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use, ICH Harmonised Tripartite Guideline, Validation of Analytical Procedures: Text and Methodology Q2 (R1), Complementary Guideline on Methodology dated 06 November 1996, incorporated in November 2005, London.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=4932859&pid=S1870-249X200800030000400023&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">24. Ermer, J. <i>J. Pharm. Biomed Anal. </i><b>2001,</b> <i>24, </i>755&#150;767.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=4932861&pid=S1870-249X200800030000400024&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[ ]]></body><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<source><![CDATA[The United States Pharmacopoeia 25, the National Formulary 20]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<page-range>571-572</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[United States Pharmocopocial Convention Inc]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Erk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Pharmazie]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>57</volume>
<page-range>817-819</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Zhongguo Yiyao Gongye Zazhi]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>32</volume>
<page-range>271-272</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhonghong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shurong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Zhongguo Yaoxue Zazhi]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<page-range>554-556</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Asgharnejad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[J. Pharm. Boimed. Anal.]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<page-range>1243-1</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arayne]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sultana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hussain]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ali]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[J. Anal. Chem.]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>62</volume>
<page-range>536-541</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ying]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jianwei]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Yaowu Fenxi Zazhi]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<page-range>523-525</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abu-Nameh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. S. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shawabkeh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ali]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[J. Anal. Chem.]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>61</volume>
<page-range>63-66</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Godoy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Godoy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Diego]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[J. Chil. Chem. Soc.]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>49</volume>
<page-range>289-290</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[He]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Huaxi Yaoxue Zazhi]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<page-range>205-206</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Zhongguo Yiyao Gongye Zazhi]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<page-range>121-122</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chaudhari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Patel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Indian J. Pharm. Sci.]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>69</volume>
<page-range>130-132</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Srinivasu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Raju]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reddy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. O.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal.]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<page-range>715-721</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Coruh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ozkan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Die Pharmazie]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>61</volume>
<page-range>285-290</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saradhi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Himabindu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Acta Ciencia Indica]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<page-range>205-208</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Basavaiah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anil Kumar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[J. Mex. Chem. Soc.]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>51</volume>
<page-range>106-112</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Basavaiah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anil Kumar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Indian J. Chem. Technol.]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<page-range>611-615</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Basavaiah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramakrishna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Somashekar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anil Kumar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Acad. Braz. Cienc.]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>80</volume>
<page-range>1-10</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Basavaiah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anil Kumar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Ecletica Quim.]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<page-range>154-161</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Basavaiah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anil Kumar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[E-J. Chem.]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<page-range>242-249</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Basavaiah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Somashekar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramakrishna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Indian J. Chem. Technol.]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<page-range>353-359</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shabir]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[J. Chromatogr A]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>987</volume>
<page-range>57-66</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year>Nove</year>
<month>mb</month>
<day>er</day>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ International Conference on Hormonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use, ICH Harmonised Tripartite Guideline, Validation of Analytical Procedures: Text and Methodology Q2 (R1), Complementary Guideline on Methodology]]></conf-name>
<conf-date>06 November 1996</conf-date>
<conf-loc> </conf-loc>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[London ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ermer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[J. Pharm. Biomed Anal.]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<page-range>755-767</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
