<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1870-0578</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Mexican law review]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Mex. law rev]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1870-0578</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Investigaciones Jurídicas]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1870-05782022000200043</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22201/iij.24485306e.2022.1.17172</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Constitutional and international approaches on the use of police force in Mexico and the United States]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Contreras Ramírez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José Luis]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paz González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Isaac de]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Autonomous University of Baja California Faculty of Law Tijuana ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Autonomous University of Baja California Faculty of Law Tijuana ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>43</fpage>
<lpage>78</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1870-05782022000200043&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1870-05782022000200043&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1870-05782022000200043&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: In order to accomplish the aim of this article, we discuss law enforcement in Mexico and the United States from three angles. The international principles approach on the issue, constitutional lines, and several cases from their corresponding Supreme Courts, as well as the existing framework and mechanisms of police procedures for institutional accountability. In the first section, we assume that international standards have a weak influence in shaping domestic approaches to law enforcement. In the second section, we describe how, through case law, constitutional principles expand or restrain police abuse. While in the third one, we deal with internal or external processes and mechanisms of accountability for the police. The analysis of these three aspects is not purely normative, it addresses background elements on how police abuse is defined, instigated, or tolerated, both by institutional and even &#8220;legal&#8221; practices.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: Para los efectos de este artículo, elegimos analizar las fuerzas policiales en Estados Unidos y México desde tres aristas. Una aproximación desde los principios internacionales sobre el tema, límites constitucionales y jurisprudencia selecta de sus correspondientes Cortes Supremas, así como el marco y los mecanismos existentes de procedimientos policiales para una rendición de cuentas institucional. En el primer apartado, intentaremos corroborar si las normas internacionales influyen en la configuración de sus enfoques nacionales de las fuerzas policiales. En el segundo apartado, estudiaremos los principios constitucionales y jurisprudencia pertinente sobre fuerzas policiales y abuso policial. Mientras que, en el tercero, estudiamos los procesos y mecanismos internos o externos de rendición de cuentas de la policía. El análisis de estos tres aspectos no es puramente normativo, sino que muestra elementos de fondo sobre cómo se define, instiga o tolera el abuso policial, tanto por prácticas institucionales como incluso &#8220;legales&#8221;.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Law enforcement in United States and Mexico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[human rights]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[constitutional approaches]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[qualified immunity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[police abuse]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Fuerzas policiales en Estados Unidos y México]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[derechos humanos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[enfoques constitucionales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[inmunidad calificada]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[abuso policiaco]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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