<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1870-0578</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Mexican law review]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Mex. law rev]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1870-0578</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Investigaciones Jurídicas]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1870-05782021000100035</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22201/iij.24485306e.2021.2.15089</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Gaining Access to Justice: A Subnational Study of Public Defender Offices in Mexico]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aguiar-Aguilar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Azul A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Tecnologico y de Estudios Superiores de Occidente Department of Sociopolitical and Legal Studies ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Guadalajara ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>35</fpage>
<lpage>62</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1870-05782021000100035&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1870-05782021000100035&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1870-05782021000100035&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract With the transition to democracy, Latin American countries have embarked on implementing judicial reforms to redesign justice-sector institutions and build up the rule of law in the region. Reform efforts included empowering the courts, granting political independence to the public prosecutor&#8217;s office, professionalizing the public defender offices and implementing the accusatory criminal system in justice-sector institutions. To what extent are the reforms targeted at the public defender offices changing the way legal defense is provided? In this article, after discussing a theoretical framework that captures and operationalizes the concepts of a merit-based career system, an accusatory criminal justice system and effective legal representation, I examine the extent to which the changes of transitioning from an inquisitorial to an adversarial system and from a non-merit-based career system to a merit-based career system have affected the way legal counsel is provided at subnational public defender offices. To accomplish this, I provide both a de jure and de facto measures (indicators of reform implementation). To identify the de jure indicators, I consulted legal texts (constitutions and secondary laws), and to gauge how the de facto indicators work, I relied on interviews with public defenders, reports and academic documents. I collected 50 interviews with public defense attorneys from three Mexican states: Baja California Sur, Jalisco and Nuevo León. Findings from these states suggest that as reform implementation advances, public defenders have more tools to offer legal representation; more specifically, they are better trained, in addition to having higher salaries, a lower caseload per defender and increased access to forensic services.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Con la transición a la democracia, los países latinoamericanos introdujeron reformas judiciales para rediseñar las instituciones del sector justicia y construir el Estado de derecho en la región. Las reformas incluyeron aspectos como empoderar a las cortes supremas, otorgar independencia política al ministerio público, profesionalizar la defensoría pública o implementar el sistema penal acusatorio en las instituciones del sector justicia. ¿En qué medida las reformas dirigidas a las defensorías públicas están cambiando la provisión de la defensa legal? En este trabajo, después de presentar los debates teóricos para capturar y operacionalizar los conceptos de sistema profesional de carrera, procedimiento penal acusatorio y representación legal efectiva, exploro cómo las reformas institucionales en materia de procedimiento penal y sistema profesional de carrera modificaron la forma en que los defensores públicos ofrecen defensa legal en el área penal. Para lograr esto, proporciono medidas tanto de jure como de facto (indicadores de implementación de reformas). Para identificar los indicadores de jure, utilizo textos legales (constituciones y leyes secundarias), y para evaluar cómo funcionan estos indicadores de facto, uso 50 entrevistas con defensores públicos en tres estados mexicanos: Baja California Sur, Jalisco y Nuevo León. Los hallazgos de estos estados sugieren que a medida que avanza la implementación de la reforma, los defensores públicos adquieren más herramientas para ofrecer una representación legal efectiva, en particular, están mejor capacitados, tienen salarios más altos, menos carga de trabajo por defensor y aumentan su acceso a los servicios forenses.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Judicial reform]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[public defenders]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[legal representation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[accusatory criminal justice procedure]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[merit-based career system]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Reforma judicial]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[defensores públicos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[defensa legal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[sistema penal acusatorio]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[servicio civil de carrera]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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