<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1870-0578</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Mexican law review]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Mex. law rev]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1870-0578</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Investigaciones Jurídicas]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1870-05782020000200031</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22201/iij.24485306e.2020.1.14809</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The State of Emergency as an Instrument to Overcome Organized Crime and Vigilantes: A Comparative Study of Michoacán and Guerrero]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Estado de excepción; crimen organizado; autodefensas; México; estudio comparado]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Betancourt Higareda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Felipe Carlos]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Uribe Arzate]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Enrique]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Toluca ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Toluca ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>31</fpage>
<lpage>63</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1870-05782020000200031&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1870-05782020000200031&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1870-05782020000200031&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: In the period of 2009-2014, organized crime subjected all kinds of political authorities and benefited from impunity throughout Mexico, especially in Michoacán and Guerrero. This circumstance provoked a grave constitutional crisis since these authorities were meaningfully overridden and were not able to properly enforce the rule of law in these regions. These phenomena brought about the rise of self-defense groups from local civil societies, as a desperate measure to protect their most fundamental rights from ruthless crime. However, this uprising deepened the constitutional crisis, already experienced in these regions due to the calamitous activities of criminal organisations, because it implied the complete absence of the Mexican state to restore legal order. The present article argues that a formal declaration of emergency by the Mexican President, with the official approval of the Mexican Congress, would have solved efficiently the constitutional crisis that Michoacán, Guerrero and other regions were going through in this period, and would have competently discouraged the expectations of the local people to relay on vigilantes as their last resort to guarantee their fundamental rights in the face of organized crime. This argument is based on archive research, testimonies of people uploaded in video documentaries, the Mexican Constitution, the International Human Rights Law, the doctrine of constitutional dictatorship of Clinton Rossiter, and the legal doctrine on balance and deliberation of Robert Alexy.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: En el período de 2009 a 2014, el crimen organizado sometió a toda clase de autoridades políticas, y gozó de impunidad a lo largo y ancho de México, pero especialmente en Michoacán y Guerrero. Esta circunstancia ocasionó una seria crisis constitucional, ya que dichas autoridades habían sido sustancialmente anuladas y no podían hacer valer el Estado de Derecho en su respectivo ámbito de competencia. Esta realidad ocasionó el alzamiento de grupos de autodefensa ciudadana, a lo largo y ancho del país, ya que constituyó una medida desesperada de la sociedad civil para proteger sus derechos fundamentales, frente a la crueldad del crimen organizado. Sin embargo, este alzamiento agravó la crisis constitucional que ya estaban experimentando estas regiones geo- gráficas, ya que evidenció la ausencia completa del Estado Mexicano para hacer valer el Estado de Derecho. El presente artículo argumenta que una declaración formal del Estado de Excepción, realizada por el presidente de la República y aprobada por el Congreso de la Unión, hubiera resuelto eficientemente la crisis constitucional que atravesaban estas regiones geográficas, y hubiera desalentado la formación de estos grupos de autodefensa ciudadana. Este argumento se fundamenta en una investigación con archivos y testimonios documentados en video, así como en la Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos, el Derecho Internacional de los Derechos Humanos, en la doctrina de Clinton Rossiter sobre la Dictadura Constitucional, en la de Evan J. Criddle y Evan Fox-Decent sobre el Estado Fiduciario, y en la doctrina de Robert Alexy sobre la ponderación de derechos fundamentales.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[State of emergency]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[organized crime]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[vigilantes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Mexico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[comparative study]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Estado de excepción]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[crimen organizado]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[autodefensas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[México]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[estudio comparado]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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