<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1665-952X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Economía UNAM]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Economía UNAM]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1665-952X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Investigaciones Económicas]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1665-952X2020000100085</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22201/fe.24488143e.2020.49.508</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Reforma estructural y desigualdad en México]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Structural reform and inequality in Mexico]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Banegas González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Israel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cortés Cáceres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fernando]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,UNAM PUED ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,UNAM PUED ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>49</numero>
<fpage>85</fpage>
<lpage>106</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1665-952X2020000100085&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1665-952X2020000100085&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1665-952X2020000100085&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen El objeto de este trabajo es analizar el cambio en la distribución del ingreso monetario en México en las últimas tres y media décadas. El estudio relaciona analiza dicho cambio en el marco de la evolución de la macroeconomía mexicana: los últimos años del modelo estabilizador (1977-1984); el inicio del cambio estructural (1985 en adelante); 1998 la recuperación de la crisis del Tequila (1994-995); el estancamiento de los primeros años del siglo XXI; y 2012 año que registra la salida de la crisis financiera originada en EEUU (2008-2009). La hipótesis central es que la desigualdad en la distribución del ingreso es relativamente estable al interior de dos grandes periodos macroeconómicos. El primero, se caracterizó por una disminución paulatina pero sostenida de la desigualdad, mientras que, en el segundo, se observa un alza sustantiva en la inequidad que se eleva en los años en que México aplica las diversas medidas del Consenso de Washington. En este segundo periodo, con la aplicación masiva de los programas focalizados de combate a la pobreza, esto es a partir de 2002, la desigualdad tiende a reducirse, pero no a los niveles del primer período. Para dar sustento empírico a estas hipótesis se presentará la evolución de la desigualdad en la distribución de los deciles de hogares clasificados según su ingreso monetario, distinguiendo entre ingreso total, ingreso per cápita e ingreso por perceptor. Asimismo, se calculan índices de concentración y la relación del ingreso medio entre deciles y razones de ventaja.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract This paper analyzes Mexico&#8217;s household income distribution from 1977 to 2014. By studying this time period, it is possible to contextualize the observed tendencies with Mexico´s macroeconomic evolution: the last years of the ISI (import substitution industrialization) model (1977-1984); the economic structural change (1985 onwards); the recovery from the &#8220;Tequila Effect&#8221; crisis (1998), the recovery from the 2000 crisis (2004), and the recovery from the 2008 financial crisis (2012). We argue that income distribution is relatively stable during the ISI macroeconomic model and during the open market model. Yet during the ISI years income inequality presents a downward trend. Once the Washington Consensus reforms were implemented, Mexico experiences an income inequality increase. It is during this second period that, with the implementation of a large scale conditional monetary transfer program that household income inequality reverts its upward trend -yet it does not reach the level of ISI years. With the Mexico&#8217;s household income and consumption survey (ENIGH by its acronym in Spanish), we will show the evolution of monetary household income deciles, the evolution of total income, per capita income and earners&#8217; income, as well as a set of dispersion indices in order to support our argument]]></p></abstract>
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<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Economía del bienestar]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Bienestar y pobreza]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Desarrollo económico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Medición del crecimiento económico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Economic Welfare]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Welfare and Poverty]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Economic Development]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Measurement of Economic Growth]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[D6]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[I3]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[O1]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Q47]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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