<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1665-952X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Economía UNAM]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Economía UNAM]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1665-952X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Investigaciones Económicas]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1665-952X2017000200075</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Neoliberal reforms and NAFTA in Mexico]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Reformas neoliberales y TLCAN en México]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruiz Nápoles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pablo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,National Autonomous University of Mexico Faculty of Economics ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Mexico City]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>41</numero>
<fpage>75</fpage>
<lpage>89</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1665-952X2017000200075&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1665-952X2017000200075&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1665-952X2017000200075&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: Mexico signed in 1993, with the us and Canada, the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) which entered into operation in January 1994. In all these years, there have been a few formal assessments of NAFTA, from the Mexican side. Even fewer convincing answers for basic questions regarding why the governments of the us and Mexico signed such an agreement at that time. In this paper we evaluate the performance of the opening of the economy and NAFTA, as a growth strategy, in three main economic variables: Gross Domestic Product, Exports and Employment. Also, we propose answers for the two political economy questions mentioned above. Using hard data, we prove that neoliberal reforms that started in 1982, of which NAFTA is one of prime political importance, have failed completely in promoting economic growth and employment and that the benefits of growing exports have accrued mostly to private us firms.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: México firmó en 1993, con Estados Unidos y Canadá, el Tratado de Libre Comercio (NAFTA) que entró en operación en enero de 1994. En estos años, hubo evaluaciones formales de NAFTA, del lado mexicano. Incluso menos convenciendo por las respuestas que ofrecía para cuestiones básicas en cuanto a por qué los gobiernos de Estados Unidos y México firmaron en aquel tiempo tal acuerdo. En este artículo evaluamos el funcionamiento de la apertura de la economía y el NAFTA, como una estrategia de crecimiento, en tres variables económicas principales: Producto Interior Bruto, Exportaciones y Empleo. También proponemos respuestas para las dos preguntas de economía política mencionadas anteriormente. Con datos duros, demostramos que las reformas neoliberales que comenzaron en 1982, de cual de las cuales el NAFTA es una de importancia política principal, han fallado completamente en la promoción del crecimiento económico y el empleo y que las ventajas de fomentar las exportaciones han beneficiado sobre todo a firmas privadas estadounidenses.]]></p></abstract>
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<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Economic Integration]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Commercial Policy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Political Economy of Capitalism]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Integración Económica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Política Comercial]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Economía Política del Capitalismo]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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