1665-8906 1665-8906 S1665-89062023000100106 10.33679/rmi.v1i1.2593 Canada USA 00 12 2023 00 12 2023 14

2007 11 3-4 3-4 290-305 2018 153-70 2006 12327 12327 2002 2016 1993 21-44 2014 2018 2020 2018 176-94 1986 17 1 1 69-83 2016 2008 Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada 2016 Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada 2020 Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada 2022 Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada 2023 2020 2015 2006 2011 6 1 1 119-44 1994 20 4 4 699-751 1998 2010 26 1 1 129-52 2005 3 1 1 32-56 2017 Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development 2008 Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development 2019 19 19 Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development 2019 Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development 2019 2016 8 3 3 9-36 2012 46 5 5 518-38 2014 15 1-26 2012 2019 1995 22 1 1 49-65 2001 2006 81 148-206 2006 Statistics Canada 2011 Statistics Canada 2011 Statistics Canada 2016 Statistics Canada 2016 Statistics Canada 2017 Statistics Canada 2023 2013 3 4 4 158-66 2015 8 2 2 196-229 2020 U.S. Department of Homeland Security 2017 U.S. Census Bureau 2010 U.S. Census Bureau 2017 U.S. Census Bureau 2018 U.S. Census Bureau 2018 2019 2003 1988 16 2 2 29-46 World Bank 2020 World Bank 2020 2008