<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1665-6423</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Journal of applied research and technology]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[J. appl. res. technol]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1665-6423</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas y Tecnología]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1665-64232024000600768</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22201/icat.24486736e.2024.22.6.2490</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Enhanced approach for artificial neural network-based optical fiber channel modeling: Geometric constellation shaping WDM system as a case study]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abbass]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fyath]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Mustansiriyah University Computer Engineering Department ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Baghdad ]]></addr-line>
<country>Iraq</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Al-Nahrain University Computer Engineering Department ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Baghdad ]]></addr-line>
<country>Iraq</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<fpage>768</fpage>
<lpage>780</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1665-64232024000600768&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1665-64232024000600768&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1665-64232024000600768&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Recently, there has been increasing interest in applying machine learning (ML) approaches to enhance the performance of optical communication systems. This paper applies some of these approaches to design advanced wavelength-division multiplexed (WDM)-coherent optical fiber communication (OFC) systems assisted by the constellation shaping technique. A theoretical design and performance investigation are reported assuming end-to-end deep learning (E2EDL) autoencoder (AE)-assisted system configuration. A flexible artificial neural network (ANNs)-based optical fiber channel modeling approach suitable for different multi-span transmission links in OFCs is presented. This approach is applied to E2EDL-based geometric constellation shaping WDM systems and the results reveal that using a bi-directional gated recurrent unit (Bi-GRU)-neural network (NN) gives the best modeling that tracks the numerical nonlinear interference noise fiber model with much less computation time(~7%). This work is implemented using the Python programming language and utilizing the TensorFlow framework to develop the simulation models.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[End-to-end deep learning]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[coherent optical fiber communication]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[autoencoder]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[GCS-WDM system]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[ANN-fiber channel modeling]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abbass]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fyath]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Performance investigation of geometric constellation shaping-based coherent WDM optical fiber communication system supported by deep-learning autoencoder]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Results in Optics]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>15</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Amirabadi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kahaei]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nezamalhosseini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[End-to-end deep learning for joint geometric-probabilistic constellation shaping in FMF system]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Physical Communication]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>55</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Basha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dubey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pulabaigari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mukherjee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Impact of fully connected layers on performance of convolutional neural networks for image classification]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Neurocomputing]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>378</volume>
<page-range>112-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Binh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Advanced Digital Optical Communications]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<edition>2</edition>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[CRC Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cardarilli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Di Nunzio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fazzolari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Giardino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nannarelli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Re]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Spanò]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A pseudo-softmax function for hardware-based high speed image classification]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Scientific reports]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Civelli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Forestieri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Secondini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sequence-selection-based constellation shaping for nonlinear channels]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Lightwave Technology]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>42</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>1031-43</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Feder]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mecozzi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shtaif]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Properties of nonlinear noise in long, dispersion-uncompensated fiber links]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Optics Express]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>22</numero>
<issue>22</issue>
<page-range>25685-99</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Feder]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mecozzi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shtaif]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Accumulation of nonlinear interference noise in fiber-optic systems]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Optics express]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
<page-range>14199-211</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Deligiannidis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bottrill]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. R. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sozos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mesaritakis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Petropoulos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bogris]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Multichannel Nonlinear Equalization in Coherent WDM Systems based on Bi-directional Recurrent Neural Networks]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Lightwave Technology]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<page-range>1-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Escobar-Landero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gac]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. Le]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lorences-Riesgo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Viret-Denaix]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Q.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xiao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Demirtzioglou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dahdah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N. El]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gallet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hafermann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Godard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brenot]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Frignac]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Charlet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Demonstration and Characterization of High-Throughput 200.5 Tbit/s S+C+L Transmission over 2x100 PSCF Spans]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Lightwave Technology]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>41</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
<page-range>3668-73</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gümü&#351;]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alvarado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Häger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Agrell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[End-to-end learning of geometrical shaping maximizing generalized mutual information]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ 2020 Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exhibition (OFC)]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc> </conf-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Haroun]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Digital Communication Systems]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Essentials of RF Front&#8208;end Design and Testing]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<page-range>39-60</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Wiley]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[He]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vijayan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mirani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Karlsson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[&amp; Schroder]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Inter-Channel Interference Cancellation for Long-Haul Superchannel System]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Lightwave Technology]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Channel prediction using adaptive bidirectional GRU for underwater MIMO communications]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[IEEE Internet of Things Journal]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jiang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ding]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Data-driven method for nonlinear optical fiber channel modeling based on deep neural network]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[IEEE Photonics Journal]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>1-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jiang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Flexible optical fiber channel modeling based on a neural network module]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Optics Letters]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>48</volume>
<numero>16</numero>
<issue>16</issue>
<page-range>4332-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jones]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eriksson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yankov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zibar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Deep Learning of Geometric Constellation Shaping including Fiber Nonlinearities]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jones]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yankov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zibar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[End-to-end Learning for GMI Optimized Geometric Constellation Shape]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jovanovic]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yankov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Da Ros]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zibar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Gradient-free training of autoencoders for non-differentiable communication channels]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Lightwave Technology]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>39</volume>
<numero>20</numero>
<issue>20</issue>
<page-range>6381-91</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jovanovic]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yankov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Da Ros]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zibar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[End-to-End Learning of a Constellation Shape Robust to Channel Condition Uncertainties]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Lightwave Technology]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>40</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>3316-24</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jovanovic]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Da Ros]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zibar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yankov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Geometric constellation shaping for fiber-optic channels via end-to-end learning]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Lightwave Technology]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>41</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
<page-range>3726-36</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lei]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alvarado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Analytical Model of Nonlinear Fiber Propagation for General Dual-Polarization Four-Dimensional Modulation Formats]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Lightwave Technology]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<page-range>1-15</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xiao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Bi-GRU Enhanced Cost-effective Memory-aware End-to-End Learning for Geometric Constellation Shaping in Optical Coherent Communications]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[IEEE Photonics Journal]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Improved generalization performance of convolutional neural networks with LossDA]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Applied Intelligence]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>53</volume>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
<page-range>13852-66</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Musumeci]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rottondi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nag]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Macaluso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zibar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruffini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tornatore]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[An overview on application of machine learning techniques in optical networks]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[IEEE Communications Surveys &amp; Tutorials]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>1383-408</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Neves]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lorences-Riesgo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mumtaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Charlet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Monteiro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guiomar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Carrier-Phase Recovery for Coherent Optical Systems: Algorithms, Challenges and Solutions]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Lightwave Technology]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oliari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Karanov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goossens]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vassilieva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Palacharla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Okonkwo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alvarado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[High-Cardinality Hybrid Shaping for 4D Modulation Formats in Optical Communications Optimized via End-to-End Learning]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rex]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. E. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Annrose]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jose]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comparative analysis of deep convolution neural network models on small scale datasets]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Optik]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>271</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Srinivasan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Song]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grabowski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Szczerba]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Iversen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schmidt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wymeersch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[End-to-end learning for VCSEL-based optical interconnects: State-of-the-art, challenges, and opportunities]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Lightwave Technology]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>41</volume>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
<page-range>3261-77</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Song]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Qin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boucouvalas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Data-driven optical fiber channel modeling: A deep learning approach]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Lightwave Technology]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>38</volume>
<numero>17</numero>
<issue>17</issue>
<page-range>4730-43</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xing]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sun]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[End-to-End Deep Learning for a Flexible Coherent PON with User-Specific Constellation Optimization]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Optical Communications and Networking]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. M. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Modern Digital Radio Communication Signals and Systems: Second edition]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Modern Digital Radio Communication Signals and Systems]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<edition>Second</edition>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Springer International Publishing]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Niu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xiao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Fast and accurate waveform modeling of long-haul multi-channel optical fiber transmission using a hybrid model-data driven scheme]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Lightwave Technology]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>40</volume>
<numero>14</numero>
<issue>14</issue>
<page-range>4571-80</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mahadevan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lefevre]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kaneda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Houtsma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Van Veen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Artificial Neural Network Assisted Probabilistic and Geometric Shaping for Flexible Rate High-Speed PONs]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Lightwave Technology]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>41</volume>
<numero>16</numero>
<issue>16</issue>
<page-range>5217-25</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sentiment analysis based on BiGRU information enhancement]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Physics: Conference Series]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>1748</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[IOP Publishing]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[You]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Q.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Low-complexity characterized-long-short-term-memory-aided channel modeling for optical fiber communications]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Applied Optics]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>62</volume>
<numero>32</numero>
<issue>32</issue>
<page-range>8543-51</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Q.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[An improved end-to-end autoencoder based on reinforcement learning by using decision tree for optical transceivers]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Micromachines]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
