<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1665-6423</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Journal of applied research and technology]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[J. appl. res. technol]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1665-6423</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas y Tecnología]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1665-64232022000500529</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22201/icat.24486736e.2022.20.5.1389</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Design and analysis of all-terrain differential-driven caterpillar-wheeled based unmanned fire extinguisher robot]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pandey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Anish]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gour]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sujeet Singh]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kumar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ramanuj]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pothal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lalit Kumar]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kumar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ashwani]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kumar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Prince]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,KIIT Deemed School of Mechanical Engineering Mechatronics Lab]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Patia Bhubaneswar]]></addr-line>
<country>India</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<fpage>529</fpage>
<lpage>535</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1665-64232022000500529&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1665-64232022000500529&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1665-64232022000500529&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The usage of wheeled robots in service robots such as planetary exploration robots, pick-and- place robots, cleaning robots, surveillance robots, etc., is continuously increasing day by day. The primary purpose of these service robots is to reduce human resources and minimize life risk of human in a hazardous environment. Therefore, in this article, the authors propose and design the all-terrain differential-driven caterpillar-wheeled based unmanned Fire Extinguisher Robot (FER), which can detect and monitor fire by using a gas (smoke) sensor and temperature sensor. Also, it can extinguish the fire by spreading the fire extinguisher gas. The proposed unmanned FER has been divided into two assembled units, one unit drives the FER, and the other is for spreading the fire extinguisher gas through the nozzle of the cylinder. The driving unit of unmanned FER consists of six DC geared motors, two dual DC motor drivers, caterpillar driving wheels, Arduino MEGA microcontroller, Bluetooth module, gas sensor, temperature sensor, and rechargeable lithium-polymer (LiPo) battery. Besides, one DC motor connected with a motor driver controls the fire extinguisher gas cylinder's opening and closure valve through a Bluetooth signal from an android phone. The specially designed chassis and caterpillar driving wheel arrangement help the FER to travel in any terrain, including stair climbing. Furthermore, the other advantage of this unmanned FER is that it can extinguish the fire from a distance of more than 200 cm by spreading the fire extinguisher gas through the nozzle of the cylinder. Real-time experimental tests have been carried out on the designed unmanned FER during the fire extinguishing process to prove the effectiveness of the developed FER.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Wheeled robot]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[service robot]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[unmanned fire extinguisher robot]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[gas sensor]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[temperature sensor]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[caterpillar driving wheel]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aliff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yusof]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zainal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Development of fire fighting robot (QROB)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>142-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[AlHaza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alsadoon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alhusinan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jarwali]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alsaif]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[New concept for indoor firefighting robot]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Procedia- Social and Behavioral Sciences]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>195</volume>
<page-range>2343-52</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khoon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sebastian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. B. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Autonomous firefighting mobile platform]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Procedia Engineering]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>41</volume>
<page-range>1145-53</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Feng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Niu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Song]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A fire reconnaissance robot based on SLAM position, thermal imaging technologies, and AR display]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Sensors]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<numero>22</numero>
<issue>22</issue>
<page-range>5036</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pack]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Avanzato]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ahlgren]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Verner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Fire-fighting mobile robotics and interdisciplinary design- comparative perspectives]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[IEEE Transactions on education]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>47</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>369-76</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Park]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Park]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A system architecture of wireless communication for fire-fighting robots]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[IFAC Proceedings Volumes]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>41</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>5303-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pednekar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Amanna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[John]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Singh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Prajapati]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Voice operated intelligent fire extinguishing vehicle]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[2015 International Conference on Technologies for Sustainable Development (ICTSD)]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<page-range>1-4</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[IEEE]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Samkari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oreijah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guedri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A smart firefighting robot system (laheeb)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Engineering and Technology (IJET)]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>359-66</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sampath]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Automatic fire extinguisher robot]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[2011 8th International Conference on Ubiquitous Robots and Ambient Intelligence (URAI)]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<page-range>215-8</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[IEEE]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Taha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marhoon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Implementation of controlled robot for fire detection and extinguish to closed areas based on Arduino]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[TELKOMNIKA (Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control)]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>654-64</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liew]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alkahari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ranjit]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. S. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Said]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sivakumar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Fire fighting mobile robot: state of the art and recent development]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>220-30</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tsai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[FPGA-based parallel DNA algorithm for optimal configurations of an omnidirectional mobile service robot performing fire extinguishment]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>58</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>1016-26</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
