<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1665-6423</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Journal of applied research and technology]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[J. appl. res. technol]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1665-6423</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas y Tecnología]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1665-64232019000400250</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22201/icat.16656423.2019.17.4.794</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Economic production quantity model with backorders and items with imperfect/perfect quality options]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Afshar-Nadjafi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Behrouz]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pourbakhsh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Hamed]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mirhabibi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mohammad]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khodaei]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Hasan]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ghodami]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Babak]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sadighi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fahimeh]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Azizi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Soheil]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Islamic Azad University Faculty of Industrial and Mechanical Engineering Department of Industrial Engineering]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Qazvin ]]></addr-line>
<country>Iran</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Allameh Tabatabaei University Faculty of Management and Accounting Industrial Management Department]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Tehran ]]></addr-line>
<country>Iran</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<fpage>250</fpage>
<lpage>257</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1665-64232019000400250&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1665-64232019000400250&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1665-64232019000400250&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract In this paper, an economic production quantity (EPQ) model with backorders considering two options for replenishing of items is proposed; with partially imperfect and perfect quality items. First option assumes a produced shipment contains a fraction of imperfect quality items and supplier does not conduct a full inspection. Therefore, these items are detected by a fully perfect screening process by buyer and are sold as a single batch at a discounted price. While the second one assumes that all items that are produced are fully inspected by supplier and all delivered items are perfect; of course with higher unit production price. Ordering size and backordering level are used as decision variables to derive the closed-form optimal solution. The proposed model is illustrated and discussed by a numerical example. Finally, a sensitivity analysis is done for identifying the impact of crucial parameters on the optimal solution.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Inventory Control]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Economic Production Quantity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Backorders]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Imperfect Items]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Afshar-Nadjafi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abbasi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[EPQ model with depreciation cost and process quality cost as continuous functions of time]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Industrial Engineering International]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>77-89</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Afshar-Nadjafi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hadinejad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khajeh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eftekhar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fakhim-Hashemi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sadeghian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A Mathematical Approach to Derive the Optimal Ordering Policy with Backorders and Inspection]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Chiang Mai Journal of Science]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>45</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>607-16</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cárdenas-Barrón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The derivation of EOQ/EPQ inventory models with two backorders costs using analytic geometry and algebra]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Applied Mathematical Modelling]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>2394-407</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chiu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.S.P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tseng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sung]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Multi-item EPQ model with scrap, rework, and multi-delivery using common cycle policy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Applied Research and Technology]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>615-22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chiu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.S.P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chiu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A simplified approach to the multi-item economic production quantity model with scrap, rework, and multi-delivery]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Applied Research and Technology]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>472-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chung]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cárdenas-Barrón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The complete solution procedure for the EOQ and EPQ inventory models with linear and fixed backorder costs]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Mathematical and Computer Modelling]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>55</volume>
<numero>11-12</numero>
<issue>11-12</issue>
<page-range>2151-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Darwish]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[EPQ models with varying setup cost]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Production Economics]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>113</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>297-306</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hemmati]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Afshar-Nadjafi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The influence of processing on the optimal inventory policy for deteriorating products]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Latin American Applied Research]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>47</volume>
<numero>3-4</numero>
<issue>3-4</issue>
<page-range>137-43</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jaber]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bonney]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Lot sizing with learning and forgetting in set-ups and in product quality]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Production Economics]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>83</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>95-111</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jaber]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Lot sizing for an imperfect production process with quality corrective interruptions and improvements, and reduction in setups]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Computers and Industrial Engineering]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>51</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>781-90</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jaber]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zanoni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zavanella]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Economic order quantity models for imperfect items with buy and repair options]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Production Economics]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>155</volume>
<page-range>126-31</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sheu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Economic production quantity model for randomly failing production process with minimal repair and imperfect maintenance]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Production Economics]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>130</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>118-24</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Omar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zubir]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[An alternative approach to analyze economic ordering quantity and economic production quantity inventory problems using the completing the square method]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Computers and Industrial. Engineering]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>59</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>362-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pentico]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Drake]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Toews]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The deterministic EPQ with partial backordering: a new approach]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Omega]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>624-36</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rezaei]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salimi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Economic order quantity and purchasing price for items with imperfect quality when inspection shifts from buyer to supplier]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Production Economics]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>137</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>11-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sarkar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Improved quality, setup cost reduction, and variable backorder costs in an imperfect production process]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Production Economics]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>155</volume>
<page-range>204-13</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sphicas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[EOQ and EPQ with linear and &#64257;xed backorder costs: two cases identi&#64257;ed and models analyzed without calculus]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Production Economics]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>100</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>59-64</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tettech]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Q.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Inventory control by using speculative strategies in dual channel supply chain]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Applied Research and Technology]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>296-314</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vörös]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Economic order and production quantity models without constraint on the percentage of defective items]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Central European Journal of Operations Research]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>867-85</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cardenas-Barron]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[An alternative analysis and solution procedure for the EPQ model with rework process at a single-stage manufacturing system with planned backorders]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Computers and Industrial Engineering]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>64</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>748-55</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cheng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[An EPQ model with partial backorders considering two backordering costs]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Appllied Mathematics and Computation]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>232</volume>
<page-range>898-907</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Widyadana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[An economic production quantity model for deteriorating items with multiple production setups and rework]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Production Economics]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>138</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>62-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Teng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chern]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[An inventory model under inflation for deteriorating items with stock-dependent consumption rate and partial backlogging shortages]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Production Economics]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>123</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>8-19</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yassine]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maddah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salameh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Disaggregation and consolidation of imperfect quality shipments in an extended EPQ model]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Production Economics]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>135</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>345-52</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yoo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Park]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Economic production quantity model with imperfect-quality items, two-way imperfect inspection and sales return]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Production Economics]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>121</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>255-65</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
