<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1665-6423</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Journal of applied research and technology]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[J. appl. res. technol]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1665-6423</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas y Tecnología]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1665-64232017000400396</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.jart.2017.03.005</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Annealing effect on the mechanical properties of ultrafine WC-Co materials]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yuan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yigao]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lanping]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jianpeng]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Donghua University College of Mechanical Engineering ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Shanghai ]]></addr-line>
<country>China</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<fpage>396</fpage>
<lpage>401</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1665-64232017000400396&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1665-64232017000400396&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1665-64232017000400396&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract In dry machining, the tool-chip interface temperature is a critical factor affecting the engineering performance of WC-Co tools. As the temperature variation of the cutting tool in dry machining is similar to that in annealing process, the effect of tool-chip interface temperature on the mechanical properties of cutting tool materials in dry machining can be studied by means of annealing experiment. In this paper, a series of annealing experiments of ultrafine-grained WC-Co materials were conducted, and the effects of the annealing temperature and holding time on the mechanical properties of WC-Co materials, including flexural strength, hardness and fracture toughness, were investigated. The results show that under the experimental conditions, the annealing temperature dominates the mechanical properties of WC-Co materials. The flexural strength and fracture toughness of the ultrafine-grained WC-Co materials decrease in different extent with increasing of annealing temperature, whereas the hardness does not change obviously. The measurements of the microstructures and residual stresses revealed that the deterioration of mechanical properties of WC-Co materials after annealing can be attributed to the relaxation of compressive residual stress.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Ultrafine cemented carbides]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Annealing]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Mechanical properties]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Residual stress]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Akhtar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Humail]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Askari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effect of WC particle size on the microstructure, mechanical properties and fracture behavior of WC-(W, Ti, Ta) C-6 wt% Co cemented carbides]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Refractory Metals &amp; Hard Materials]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<numero>5-6</numero>
<issue>5-6</issue>
<page-range>405-10</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ezugwu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Titanium alloys and their machinability-A review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Materials Processing Technology]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>68</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>262-74</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hadad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sharbati]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Thermal aspects of environmentally friendlyMQL grinding process]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Procedia CIRP]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>40</volume>
<page-range>509-15</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hegeman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. B. J. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Hosson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. Th. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De With]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Grinding of WC-Co hardmetals]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Wear]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>248</volume>
<numero>1-2</numero>
<issue>1-2</issue>
<page-range>187-96</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fischer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gallois]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Microstructure, hardness and toughness of nanostructured and conventional WC-Co composites]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nanostructured Materials]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>875-91</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jiang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A cobalt diffusion based model for predicting crater wear of carbide tools in machining titanium alloys]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Engineering Materials &amp; Technology]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>127</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>136-44</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kagnaya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lambert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lazard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cutard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Wear mechanisms of WC-Co cutting tools from high-speed tribological tests]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Wear]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>267</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>890-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lambropoulos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Toughening and crack tip shielding in brittle materials by residually stressed thin films]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Vacuum Science &amp; Technology A - Vacuum Surfaces &amp; Films]]></source>
<year>1991</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>2503-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[List]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nouari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Géhin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gomez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Manaud]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Le Petitcorps]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Wear behaviour of cemented carbide tools in dry machining of aluminium alloy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Wear]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>259</volume>
<numero>7-12</numero>
<issue>7-12</issue>
<page-range>1177-89</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nouari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[List]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Girot]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Coupard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Experimental analysis and optimisation of tool wear in dry machining of aluminium alloys]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Wear]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>255</volume>
<numero>7-12</numero>
<issue>7-12</issue>
<page-range>1359-68</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Okamoto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nakazono]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Otsuka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shimoitani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Takada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mechanical properties of WC/Co cemented carbide with larger WC grain size]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Materials Characterization]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>55</volume>
<numero>4-5</numero>
<issue>4-5</issue>
<page-range>281-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schubert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Neumeister]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kinger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lux]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Hardness to toughness relationship of fine-grained WC-Co hardmetals]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Refractory Metals &amp; Hard Materials]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>133-42</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. Q.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yuan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mechanical properties, phases and microstructure of ultrafine hardmetals prepared by WC-6.29Co nanocrystalline composite powder]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Materials Science &amp; Engineering A]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>392</volume>
<numero>1-2</numero>
<issue>1-2</issue>
<page-range>335-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jahanmir]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ives]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effect of grinding on strength of tetragonal zirconia and zirconia-toughened alumina]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Machining Science and Technology]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>49-66</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Odén]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Johansson-Jõesaar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Llanes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Grinding effects on surface integrity and mechanical strength of WC-Co cemented carbides]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Procedia CIRP]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<page-range>257-63</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Spowage]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramesh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pickering]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vancoille]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. Y. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Influence of microstructure on ultraprecision grinding of cemented carbides]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Machine Tools &amp; Manufacture]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>44</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>533-43</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yuan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Influence of cryogenic treatment on grinding residual stress of WC-Co cemented carbides]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Advanced Materials Research]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>538-541</volume>
<page-range>1746-50</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yuan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X. X.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ding]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Measurement of WC grain size in ultrafine grained WC-Co cemented carbides]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Applied Mechanics &amp; Materials]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>278-280</volume>
<page-range>460-3</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
