<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1665-6423</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Journal of applied research and technology]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[J. appl. res. technol]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1665-6423</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas y Tecnología]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1665-64232017000300297</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.jart.2017.01.014</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Experimental investigation for graphene and carbon fibre in polymer-based matrix for structural applications]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hallad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Shankar A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A a"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Banapurmath]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nagaraj R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A a"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hunashyal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Anand M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A a"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A03"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shettar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ashok S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A a"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A03"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ayachit]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Narasimha H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mruthunjaya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lohit]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Uttur]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Manjunath]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,B.V. Bhoomaraddi College of Engineering and Technology Center for Material Science ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Hubballi Karnataka]]></addr-line>
<country>India</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution><![CDATA[,B.V. Bhoomaraddi College of Engineering and Technology Department of Mechanical Engineering ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Hubballi Karnataka]]></addr-line>
<country>India</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A03">
<institution><![CDATA[,B.V. Bhoomaraddi College of Engineering and Technology Department of Civil Engineering ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Hubballi Karnataka]]></addr-line>
<country>India</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A04">
<institution><![CDATA[,B.V. Bhoomaraddi College of Engineering and Technology Rani Channamma University Belgaum ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Hubballi Karnataka]]></addr-line>
<country>India</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>297</fpage>
<lpage>302</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1665-64232017000300297&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1665-64232017000300297&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1665-64232017000300297&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The present paper investigates the behaviour of a polymer matrix beam reinforced with graphene and carbon fibres at nano and micro level reinforcements, respectively, to study mainly the strength aspects for structural applications. However an attempt has also been made to use a combination of both micro and nano level fillers in both individual and combined forms as reinforcements. The addition of graphene and carbón fibres in the control beams was varied from 0.1 to 0.4% percent by weight of polymer matrix.Dispersion of graphene was carried out using ultrasonic energy. Composite beams were tested under flexural in order to evaluate their mechanical property such as load-deflection criteria. These results were then compared with those obtained from plain polymer beams. The present work also investigates the optimum percentage of graphene andcarbon fibres as individual and combination fillers that gave the best results in terms of enhanced mechanical properties and economical aspects aswell. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersion X-ray spectroscopy was conducted to examine the interfacial surface adhesion between the fillers and the polymer matrix. Reinforcement of polymer beams with graphene alone by weight of the polymer matrix showed enhanced results when compared to carbon fibres alone while the use of combined nano and micro reinforcements showed performance lying in between nano and micro fillers in the polymer. Flexural strength is enhanced by 35% compared to plain control beams when graphene was used as reinforcement fillers in the polymer matrix.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Epoxy resin]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Three-point loading]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[SEM]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Sonication]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Graphene]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Carbon fibre]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Endo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hayashi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Terrones]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dresselhaus]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Applications of carbon nanotubes in the twenty-first century.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>362</volume>
<numero>1823</numero>
<issue>1823</issue>
<page-range>2223-38</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Phang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I. Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chow]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Morphol-ogy and mechanical properties of multiwalled carbon nanotubes reinforced nylon-6 composites]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Macromolecules]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<numero>19</numero>
<issue>19</issue>
<page-range>7214-22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Du]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Synergistic effect of Agnano particle-decorated graphene oxide and carbon fiber on electrical actuation of polymeric shape memory nanocomposites]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Smart Materials and Structures]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>085034</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hui]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Noncovalently functionalized carbon fiber by grafted self-assembled graphene oxide and the synergistic effect on polymeric shape memory nanocomposites]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Composites Part B: Engineering]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>67</volume>
<page-range>290-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moniruzzaman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Winey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Polymer nanocomposites containing carbon nanotubes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Macromolecules]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>39</volume>
<numero>16</numero>
<issue>16</issue>
<page-range>5194-205</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sheehan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lieber]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Nanobeam mechan-ics: Elasticity, strength, and toughness of nanorods and nanotubes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Science]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>277</volume>
<numero>5334</numero>
<issue>5334</issue>
<page-range>1971-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lourie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dyer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moloni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kelly]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruoff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Strength and breaking mechanism of multiwalled carbon nanotubes under tensile load]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Science]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>287</volume>
<numero>5453</numero>
<issue>5453</issue>
<page-range>637-40</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
