<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1665-6423</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Journal of applied research and technology]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[J. appl. res. technol]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1665-6423</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas y Tecnología]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1665-64232017000200110</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.jart.2017.01.004</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[A study of the effects of phenolic de-emulsifier solutions in xylene on the de-emulsification of a Nigerian crude oil emulsion]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Efeovbokhan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Vincent Enontiemonria]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Udonne]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Joseph Denis]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ayoola]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ayodedji Adedeji]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shogbamu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Oluwadara Temitayo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Babalola]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rasheed]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Covenant University Department of Chemical Engineering ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ota ]]></addr-line>
<country>Nigeria</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Lagos State University Department of Chemical Engineering and Polymer ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Lagos ]]></addr-line>
<country>Nigeria</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Akwa Ibom State University  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ikot Akpaden ]]></addr-line>
<country>Nigeria</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>110</fpage>
<lpage>121</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1665-64232017000200110&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1665-64232017000200110&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1665-64232017000200110&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The research and development of de-emulsifiers for separating water from crude oil emulsions usually result in varying degrees of success, depending on the location and the type of crude being treated. This makes de-emulsifiers crude oil specific and thus gives rise to the continuous search for more and effective de-emulsifiers that can meet the specific needs of each locality. In this study, base-catalyzed phenol formaldehyde resins were formulated at varying formaldehyde to phenol ratios (1.2:1-1.8:1); the assessment was carried out by the bottle test method at varied de-emulsifier concentrations (vol/vol) in xylene acting as solvent diluent. The bottle test was carried out at an optimum temperature of 70 °C, dosage of 50 ppm and residence times of 10 and 20 min. A factorial design was done to determine the best combination of the de-emulsification conditions for the resolution of the Nigerian crude oil emulsion. The results were analyzed and optimized using Minitab 16 utilizing a Pareto chart, normal effects, main effects and interaction plots. From the analysis carried out, it was found that the most effective formulated de-emulsifier was obtained at formaldehyde to phenol (F:P) mole ratio of 1.8:1, 80% de-emulsifier concentration in xylene and residence time of 20 min. This de-emulsifier obtained a water separation efficiency of 79% compared to the commercial de-emulsifier which gave 71% efficiency. Thus the solution of P:F de-emulsifiers in xylene enhances the de-emulsification of the Nigerian crude oil emulsions.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Resins]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Diluent]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Emulsion]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[De-emulsification]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Xylene]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Crude oil]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bhanger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. I.]]></given-names>
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<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Naqvi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. M.]]></given-names>
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<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ashraf]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
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<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ahmad]]></surname>
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<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Quality and chemistry of crude oils]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Petroleum Technology and Alternative Fuels]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>53-63</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
