<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1665-6423</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Journal of applied research and technology]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[J. appl. res. technol]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1665-6423</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas y Tecnología]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1665-64232014000100003</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Estimation of LiBr-H20 Using Multimode Interference (MMI)]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Antúnez-Cerón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Basurto-Pensado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mejía-Aranda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Romero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez-Mondragón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cerecedo-Núñez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A03"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ochoa-Zezzati]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A04"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos Centro de Investigación en Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cuernavaca Morelos]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto de Investigaciones Eléctricas Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cuernavaca Morelos]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A03">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Veracruzana  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Jalapa Veracruz]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A04">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad Juárez Chihuahua]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>41</fpage>
<lpage>44</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1665-64232014000100003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1665-64232014000100003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1665-64232014000100003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[We use multimode interference (MMI) as an alternative optical technique to estimate lithium bromide (LiBr) concentration, of the work pair LiBr-H2O, in absorption heat pumps (AHP). The sensing element is a singlemode-multimode-singlemode (SMS) fiber optic structure. This is fabricated by splicing a precisely dimensioned multimode fiber (MMF) section between two singlemode fibers (SMFs). The operation principle is based on the multimode interference (MMI) effect occurring in the MMF section. For that purpose, different concentrations of the mixture were prepared (from 44.30% to 60.69%) to study their optical response. The input field profile entering the sensing element, which is the naked (no cladding) MMF section of the SMS fiber structure, produced different transmitted intensity responses for each of these concentrations. Thus the optical characterization of the mixture was used to establish a mathematical relation to estimate the LiBr concentration. A linear fit for solutions with concentrations ranging from 43.30% to 50.87% and refractive indices between 1.421 and 1.439 is demonstrated.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[multimode interference]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[fiber optic]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[refractive index]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[  	    <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="4"><b>Estimation of LiBr&#45;H20 Using Multimode Interference (MMI)</b></font></p>  	    <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>E. E. Ant&uacute;nez&#45;Cer&oacute;n<sup>1</sup>, M. A. Basurto&#45;Pensado*<sup>1</sup>, A.R. Mej&iacute;a&#45;Aranda<sup>1</sup>,R.J. Romero<sup>1</sup>, J. J. S&aacute;nchez&#45;Mondrag&oacute;n<sup>2</sup>, H. H. Cerecedo&#45;N&uacute;&ntilde;ez<sup>3</sup>, A. Ochoa&#45;Zezzati<sup>4</sup></b></font></p>  	    <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><sup><i>1</i></sup><i>&nbsp;Centro de Investigaci&oacute;n en Ingenier&iacute;a y Ciencias Aplicadas Universidad Aut&oacute;noma del Estado de Morelos Cuernavaca, Mor., M&eacute;xico.</i> *<a href="mailto:mbasurto@uaem.mx">mbasurto@uaem.mx</a></font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><sup><i>2</i></sup><i>&nbsp;Instituto Nacional de Astrof&iacute;sica, &Oacute;ptica y Electr&oacute;nica Instituto de Investigaciones El&eacute;ctricas Tonantzintla, Pue., M&eacute;xico.</i></font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><sup><i>3</i></sup><i>&nbsp;Universidad Veracruzana Xalapa, Veracruz, M&eacute;xico.</i></font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><sup><i>4</i></sup><i>&nbsp;Universidad Aut&oacute;noma de Ciudad Ju&aacute;rez Cd. Ju&aacute;rez, Tamaulipas, M&eacute;xico.</i></font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Abstract</b></font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">We use multimode interference (MMI) as an alternative optical technique to estimate lithium bromide (LiBr) concentration, of the work pair LiBr&#45;H2O, in absorption heat pumps (AHP). The sensing element is a singlemode&#45;multimode&#45;singlemode (SMS) fiber optic structure. This is fabricated by splicing a precisely dimensioned multimode fiber (MMF) section between two singlemode fibers (SMFs). The operation principle is based on the multimode interference (MMI) effect occurring in the MMF section. For that purpose, different concentrations of the mixture were prepared (from 44.30% to 60.69%) to study their optical response. The input field profile entering the sensing element, which is the naked (no cladding) MMF section of the SMS fiber structure, produced different transmitted intensity responses for each of these concentrations. Thus the optical characterization of the mixture was used to establish a mathematical relation to estimate the LiBr concentration. A linear fit for solutions with concentrations ranging from 43.30% to 50.87% and refractive indices between 1.421 and 1.439 is demonstrated.</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Keywords:</b> multimode interference, fiber optic, refractive index.</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><a href="/pdf/jart/v12n1/v12n1a3.pdf" target="_blank">DESCARGAR ART&Iacute;CULO EN FORMATO PDF</a></font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b><i>Acknowledgements</i></b></font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">This work was supported by the "Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog&iacute;a" of Mexico (Projects CONACyT CB:169197 and CB:101378).</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b><i>References</i></b></font></p>  	    ]]></body>
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