Faheem*¹, S.A. Mahmud¹, G.M. Khan¹, M. Rahman¹ and H. Zafar²

¹ Center for Intelligent Systems and Networks Research, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan. *fahim.zafari@nwfpuet.edu.pk.

² Department of Computer Systems Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan.

ABSTRACT

The industrialization of the world, increase in population, slow paced city development and mismanagement of the available parking space has resulted in parking related problems. There is a dire need for a secure, intelligent, efficient and reliable system which can be used for searching the unoccupied parking facility, guidance towards the parking facility, negotiation of the parking fee, along with the proper management of the parking facility. Intelligent Parking Service is a part of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). This paper reviews different Intelligent Parking Services used for parking guidance, parking facility management and gives an insight into the economic analysis of such projects. The discussed systems will be able to reduce the problems which are arising due to unavailability of a reliable, efficient and modern parking system, while the economic analysis technique will help in analyzing the projects' feasibility.

RESUMEN

La industrialización del mundo, el aumento de población, el desarrollo de la ciudad de ritmo lento y la mala gestión del espacio de aparcamiento disponible ha dado lugar a problemas relacionados con el aparcamiento. Hay una gran necesidad de un sistema seguro, inteligente, eficiente y confiable que se puede utilizar para buscar el aparcamiento desocupada, la orientación hacia el aparcamiento, la negociación de la tarifa de aparcamiento, así como la correcta gestión de las instalaciones de aparcamiento. Servicio de Estacionamiento Inteligente es una parte de los Sistemas Inteligentes de Transporte (ITS). Este artículo revisa los diferentes Servicios de estacionamiento inteligentes utilizados para la guía, Aparcamiento gestión de instalaciones y da una idea del análisis económico de este tipo de proyectos. Los sistemas descritos podrán reducir los problemas que están surgiendo debido a la falta de un sistema de aparcamiento fiable, eficiente y moderna, mientras que la técnica de análisis económico nos ayudará en el análisis de viabilidad de los proyectos.

DESCARGAR ARTÍCULO EN FORMATO PDF

References

[1] L. Wenghong, X. Fanghua, L. Fasheng, "Design of Inner Intelligent Car Parking System", International Conference on Information Management, Innovation Management and Industrial Engineering 2008.         [ Links ]

[2] C. Wenzhi, L. Bai, "A Smart Roadside Parking Navigation System Based On Sensor Networks For ITS", IET International Conference on Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks, 2006, pp.1-4, 6-9 Nov. 2006.         [ Links ]

[3] C.C. Li, S.Y. Chou, S.W. Lin, "An agent-based platform for drivers and car parks negotiation", 2004 IEEE International Conference on Networking, Sensing and Control, pp. 1038- 1043, 2004.         [ Links ]

[4] R.J. Oyentaryo, M. Pasquier, "Self-trained automated parking system", Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision Conference, 8th ICARCV, pp. 1005- 1010, 6-9 Dec. 2004.         [ Links ]

[5] S. Shankar, S.M. Mehmood, "An intelligent architecture for metropolitan area parking control and toll collection", IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium, 2005., pp. 723- 728, 6-8 June 2005.         [ Links ]

[6] Y.Gongjan, M.C. Weigle, S. Olariu, "A Novel Parking Service Using Wireless Networks", IEEE/INFORMS International Conference on Service Operations, Logistics and Informatics, 2009, pp.406-411, 22-24 July 2009.         [ Links ]

[7] X. Zhang, D. Wan, "Economic Analysis Of Regional Parking Guidance System Based On TIA", 2010 WASE International Conference on Information Engineering (ICIE), pp.401-404, 14-15 Aug. 2010.         [ Links ]

[8] S.Y. Chou, S.W. Lin, C.C. Li, "Dynamic Parking Negotiation And Guidance Using An Agent-Based Platform", Expert Systems With Applications, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 805-817, 2008.         [ Links ]

[9] W. Longfei, C. Hong, L. Yang, "Integrating Mobile Agent with Multi-Agent System for Intelligent Parking Negotiation and Guidance", 4th IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications, pp.1704-1707, 25-27 May 2009.         [ Links ]

[10] R.J.F. Rossetti, R.H. Bordinia, A.L.C Bazanna, S. Bampi, R. Liu, D.V. Vliet, "Using DBI Agents To Improve Modeling In A Computer Scenario", Transportation Research Part C, 10C(5, 6), pp 373-398, 2002.         [ Links ]

[11] B. Chen, H.C. Harry, J. Palen, "Integrating Mobile Agent Technology With Multi-Agent Systems For Distributed Traffic Detection And management Systems", Transportation Research Part C.         [ Links ]

[12] H. Dia, "An Agent-Based Approach To Modelling Driver Route Choice Behaviour Under The Influence Of Real-Time Information", Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies , vol.10, pp 331-349, 2002.         [ Links ]

[13] C. C. Min, D. Srinivasan, R.L. Cheu, "Cooperative, Hybrid Agent Architecture For Real-Time Traffic Signal Control", IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Part A: Systems and Humans, , vol.33, no.5, pp. 597- 607, Sept. 2003.         [ Links ]

[14] J.L. Addler, G. Sathapathy, V. Manikonda, B. Bowles, V.J. Blue, "A Multi-Agent Approach To Cooperative Traffic Management And Route Guidance", Transportation Research Part B 39 (4), pp 297-318, 2005.         [ Links ]

[15] F. Balboa, S. Pinsona, "Dynamic Modeling Of A Disturbance In A Multi-Agent System For Traffic Regulation" Decision Support Systems, vol.41, no.1, pp 131 - 146, 2005.         [ Links ]

[16] Y. Li, R. Ma, L. Wang, "Intelligent Parking Negotiation Based On Agent Technology", WASE International Conference on Information Engineering, pp.265-268, 10-11 July 2009.         [ Links ]

[17] A. Khoukhi, "An Intelligent Multi-Agent System For Mobile Robots Navigation And Parking", IEEE International Workshop on Robotic and Sensors Environments (ROSE), pp.1-6, 15-16 Oct. 2010.         [ Links ]

[18] H. Zhang, M. Zhou, "Self-Organized Architecture For Outdoor Mobile Robot Navigation'', Journal Of Zhejiang University Science A. Springer, vol. 6, no.6, pp. 583-590, June 2005.         [ Links ]

[19] R. Abielmona, E.M. Petriu, T.E. Whalen, "Distributed Intelligent Sensor Agent System For Environment Mapping", Journal Of Ambient Intelligence And Humanized Computing. Springer, vol.1, no.2, pp.95-110, 2010.         [ Links ]

[20] J. Takahashi, K. Sekiyama, T. Fukuda, "Cooperative Object Tracking With Mobile Robotic Sensor Network." Distributed Autonomous Robotic Systems. Springer, Berlin, pp 51-62, 2009.         [ Links ]

[21] K. Kinoshita, S. Yasunobu, "Intelligent Parking Support System For Four-Wheeled Vehicles In Consideration Of Human's Operation Error", 2004 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, pp. 3938- 3943, 10-13 Oct. 2004.         [ Links ]

[22] S. Insop, K. Gowan, J. Nery, H. Han, T. Sheng, H. Li, F. Karray, "Intelligent Parking System Design Using FPGA", International Conference on Field Programmable Logic and Applications, pp.1-6, 28-30 Aug. 2006.         [ Links ]

[23] M. Sharafi, A. Zare, S. Nikpoor, "Intelligent Parking Method For Truck In Presence Of Fixed And Moving Obstacles And Trailer In Presence Of Fixed Obstacles: Advanced Fuzzy Logic Technologies In Industrial Applications", 2010 International Conference On Electronics And Information Engineering (ICEIE), pp.268-272, 1-3 Aug. 2010.         [ Links ]

[24] S. Mohammadi, M. Tavassoli, A. Rajabi, "Authoritative Intelligent Perfect Parallel Parking Based On Fuzzy Logic Controller For Car-Type Mobile Robot", 2011 Eighth International Conference on Information Technology: New Generations (ITNG), pp.135-138, 11-13 April 2011.         [ Links ]

[25] V.W.S. Tang, Y. Zheng, J. Cao, "An Intelligent Car Park Management System Based On Wireless Sensor Networks", 2006 1st International Symposium On Pervasive Computing And Applications, pp.65-70, 3-5 Aug, 2006.         [ Links ]

[26] Moog Crossbow, http://www.xbow.com/.         [ Links ]

[27] Corporative Traffic Logistics, http://www.corporatetraffic.com/.         [ Links ]

[28] MIT, http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/topic/microsystems-technology-laboratories.html        [ Links ]

[29] MIT Media Lab: http://www.media.mit.edu/.         [ Links ]

[30] S. Lee, D. Yoon, A. Ghosh, "Intelligent Parking Lot Application Using Wireless Sensor Networks", 2008. CTS 2008. International Symposium on Collaborative Technologies and Systems, pp.48-57, 19-23 May 2008.         [ Links ]

[31] S.Y. Cheung, S.C. Ergen, P. Varaiya, "Traffic Surveillance With Wireless Magnetic Sensors", Proceedings of the 12th World Congress On Intelligent Transport Systems, San Francisco, CA, Nov 2005.         [ Links ]

[32] V.K. Boda, A. Nasipuri, I. Howitt, "Design Considerations for a Wireless Sensor Network for Locating Parking Spaces", IEEE SoutheastCon, pp.698-703, 22-25 March 2007        [ Links ]

[33] B. O'Flynn, S. Bellis, K. Mahmood, M. Morris, G. Duffy, K. Delaney, C. O'Mathuna, "A 3-D Miniaturised Programmable Transceiver", Microelectronics International, Emerald Group, vol. 22, no2, pp 8-12, 2005.         [ Links ]

[34] J.P. Benson, T. O'Donovan, P. O'Sullivan, U. Roedig, C. Sreenan, J. Barton, A. Murphy, B. O'Flynn, "Car-Park Management Usingwireless Sensor Networks", Proceedings Of The 31st IEEE Conference On Local Computer Networks, Tampa, FL, pp 588-595, Nov 2006.         [ Links ]

[35] J. Barton, J. Buckley, B. O'Flynn, S.C. O'Mathuna, J.P. Benson, T. O'Donovan, U. Roedig, C. Sreenan, "The D-Systems Project - Wireless Sensor Networks For Car- Park Management", Proceedings Of The 65th IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, Dublin, Ireland, pp170-173, Apr 2007.         [ Links ]

[36] Siemens, http://www.mobility.siemens.com/mobility/ global/en/urban-mobility/road-solutions/Pages/road-solu tions.aspx        [ Links ]

[37] S. Pullola, P.K. Atrey, A. El Saddik, "Towards An Intelligent GPS-Based Vehicle Navigation System For Finding Street Parking Lots", IEEE International Conference on Signal Processing And Communications, pp1251-1254, 24-27 Nov, 2007.         [ Links ]

[38] A. L. C. De Cerreo, "The Dynamics Of On-Street Parking In Large Central Cities", Transportation Research Record, New York University Robert F. Wagner Graduate School of Public Service, 2002.         [ Links ]

[39] R. Arnott And J. Rowse, "Modeling Parking", Journal Of Urban Economics, vol. 45, no.1, pp 97-124, 1999.         [ Links ]

[40] H. D. Chon, D. Agrawal, And A. E. Abbadi, "NAPA: Nearest Available Parking Lot Application", 18th International Conference on Data Engineering, pp.496-497, 2002.         [ Links ]

[41] L. Rongxing, L. Xiaodong, Z. Haojin, S. Xuemin, "An Intelligent Secure And Privacy-Preserving Parking Scheme Through Vehicular Communications", IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol.59, no.6, pp 2772-2785, July 2010.         [ Links ]

[42] G.J. Ho, S.K Dong, J.Y. Pal, K Jaihie, "Light Stripe Projection Based Parking Space Detection For Intelligent Parking Assist System", IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium, pp.962-968, 13-15 June 2007.         [ Links ]

[43] H. G. Jung, C. G. Choi, D. S. Kim, And P. J. Yoon, "System Configuration Of Intelligent Parking Assistant System", In Proc. 13th World Congr. Intell. Transp. Syst. Services, London, U.K., Oct. 8-12, pp 1-8, 2006.         [ Links ]

[44] R. Frank, "Sensing In The Ultimately Safe Vehicle", Presented at the Society Automotive Engineers, Detroit, MI, 2004, SAE Paper 2004-21-0055.         [ Links ]

[45] CNN, Toyota Unveils Car That Parks Itself, Sep. 1, 2003. [Online]. Available: http://edition.cnn.com/2003/TECH/ptech/09/01/toyota.prius.reut/index.html        [ Links ]

[46] T. Tellem, Top Ten High Tech Car Technologies, July, 23 2007. [Online]. Available: http://www.edmunds.com/car-reviews/top-10/top-10-high-tech-car-safetytechnologies.html        [ Links ]

[47] S. Hiramatsu, A. Hibi, Y. Tanaka, T. Kakinami, Y. Iwata, And M. Nakamura, "Rearview Camera Based Parking Assist System With Voice Guidance", Presented At The Society Automotive Engineers World Congr. Exhibition, Detroit, MI, 2002, SAE Paper 2002-01-0759.         [ Links ]

[48] M. Furutani, "Obstacle Detection Systems For Vehicle Safety", Presented at the society of automotive engineering world congr., Detroit, MI, Mar. 8-11, 2004, SAE Paper 2004-21-0057.         [ Links ]

[49] J. Xu, G. Chen, And M. Xie, "Vision-Guided Automatic Parking For Smart Car", Proceedings of the IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium, pp.725-730, 2000.         [ Links ]

[50] Y. Tanaka, M. Saiki, M. Katoh, And T. Endo, "Development of Image Recognition for a Parking Assist System", In Proc. 13th World Congr. Intell. Transp. Syst. Services, pp. 1-7, Oct. 8-12, 2006,         [ Links ]

[51] H. G. Jung, D. S. Kim, P. J. Yoon, And J. Kim, "Parking Slot Markings Recognition for Automatic Parking Assist System", In Proc. IEEE Intell. Veh. Symp., pp. 106-113, Jun. 13-15, 2006.         [ Links ]

[52] H. G. Jung, D. S. Kim, P. J. Yoon, And J. Kim, "Structure Analysis Based Parking Slot Marking Recognition for Semi-Automatic Parking System", In Structural, Syntactic, And Statistical Pattern Recognition. Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag, pp. 384-393, Aug. 2006.         [ Links ]

[53] H. G. Jung, D. S. Kim, P. J. Yoon, And J. Kim, "Uniform User Interface for Semi-Automatic Parking Slot Markings Recognition", IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol.59, no.2, pp 616-626, Feb. 2010.         [ Links ]

[54] M. Wada, X. Mao, H. Hashimoto, M. Mizutani, M. Saito, "Ican: Pursuing Technology for Near-Future ITS", IEEE Intell. Syst., vol.19, no.1, pp. 18-23, Jan./Feb. 2004.         [ Links ]

[55] M. Wada, K. S. Yoon, And H. Hashimoto, "Development of Advanced Parking Assistance System", IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol.50, no.1, pp. 4-17, Feb. 2003.         [ Links ]

[56] T. Moran, "Self-Parking Technology Hits the Market", Autom. News, vol.8, no.6227, P. 22, Oct. 2006.         [ Links ]

[57] T. Moran, J. Meiners, "The Arrival of Problem-Free Parking", Autom. News Eur., vol.11, no.24, pp. 8, Nov. 2006.         [ Links ]

[58] V. Agarwal, N. V. Murali, And C. Chandramouli, "A Cost-Effective Ultrasonic Sensor-Based Driver-Assistance System for Congested Traffic Conditions", IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, vol.10, no.3, pp.486-498, Sept. 2009.         [ Links ]

[59] T. Fabian, "An Algorithm for Parking Lot Occupation Detection", Computer Information Systems And Industrial Management Applications, pp. 165-170, 26-28 June 2008.         [ Links ]

[60] T.H. Chun, Z. Jie, Y.X. Chen, L.H. Ze, Z. Pei, Z.Q. Hua, "Intelligent Car-Searching System for Large Park", International Conference on Machine Learning And Cybernetics, pp. 3134-3138, 12-15 July 2009.         [ Links ]

[61] S. Banerjee, P. Choudekar, M.K. Muju, "Real Time Car Parking System Using Image Processing", 2011 3rd International Conference on Electronics Computer Technology (ICECT), pp.99-103, 8-10 April 2011.         [ Links ]

[62] K. Inaba, M. Shibui, T. Naganawa, M. Ogiwara, N. Yoshikai, "Intelligent Parking Reservation Service on the Internet", Symposium on Applications and the Internet Workshops, pp.159-164, 2001.         [ Links ]

[63] M. Wada, K. Yoon, H. Hashimoto, S. Matsuda, "Development of Advanced Parking Assistance System using Human Guidance", IEEE/ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics, pp. 997-1002, 1999.         [ Links ]

[64] S. Yasunobu, K. Kinoshita, "Development of Intelligent Parking Support System for Welfare Vehicle", IEEE International Symposium on Computational Intelligence In Robotics And Automation, pp. 682- 687, 16-20 July 2003.         [ Links ]

[65] E. Seignez, A. Lambert, T. Maurin, "Autonomous Parking Carrier for Intelligent Vehicle", IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium, pp. 411- 416, 6-8 June 2005.         [ Links ]

[66] N. Hashimoto, S. Kato, N. Minobe, S. Tsugawa, "Automated Vehicle Mobile Guidance System for Parking Assistance", IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium, pp. 630-635, 13-15 June 2007.         [ Links ]

[67] E.R.Q. Garcia, G.C.M Quintero, "Space Allocation using Intelligent Optimization Technique", 2010 IEEE ANDESCON, pp. 1-6, 15-17 Sept. 2010.         [ Links ]

[68] T.H.S Li, Y.Y. Chieh, W.J. Da, H.M. Ying, C.C. Yang, "Multifunctional Intelligent Autonomous Parking Controllers for Carlike Mobile Robots", IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol.57, no.5, pp. 1687-1700, May 2010.         [ Links ]