<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1665-6423</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Journal of applied research and technology]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[J. appl. res. technol]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1665-6423</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas y Tecnología]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1665-64232012000400003</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Enhancement of Laminar Mixing in Stirred Vessel using Geometrical Perturbations]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hidalgo-Millán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Taboada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vega-Alvarado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A03"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zenit]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A04"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ascanio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gabriel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A03"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit Unidad Académica de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Tepic Nayarit]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Instituto de Biotecnología ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cuernavaca Morelos]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A03">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Centro de Ciencias Aplicadas y Desarrollo Tecnológico ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[México D. F.]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A04">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[México DF]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2012</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2012</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<fpage>520</fpage>
<lpage>533</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1665-64232012000400003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1665-64232012000400003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1665-64232012000400003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Geometrical perturbations by using single and coaxial impellers configurations have been investigated in the laminar regime (Re = 2.68) in unbaffled stirred vessels. Combinations of one and two coaxial radial discharge flow impellers under centered and eccentric conditions were studied with viscous Newtonian fluid. The study of geometrical perturbations has been made in terms of the mixing times, energy consumption and the flow fields. Homogenization degrees and mixing times, determined with a color-discoloration technique, were evaluated by means of image processing. The flow fields were investigated using the particle image velocimetry technique. The use of off-centered impellers increases the pumping capacity; however, little effect of eccentricity was obtained when using two coaxial impellers under off-centered conditions obtaining the best results with a novel configuration consisting of a dual turbine with connecting plates.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Se presentan los resultados de la investigación en tanques agitados en régimen laminar (Re = 2.68) con impulsores sencillos y coaxiales. Para ello se han elegido combinaciones de uno y dos agitadores de descarga radial centrados y descentrados con respecto al tanque empleando fluidos newtonianos. El estudio se llevó a cabo en términos del tiempo de mezclado mediante la técnica de colorimetría y procesamiento de imágenes. Los campos de flujo se obtuvieron por medio de la técnica de velocimetría de imágenes de partículas (PIV por sus siglas en inglés). Se observó un incremento en la capacidad de bombeo empleando un impulsor excéntrico. Sin embargo, el efecto fue menor al emplear dos impulsores coaxiales en posición descentrada. Por tal motivo se propuso una nueva configuración a base de dos agitadores coaxiales conectados mediante un par de barras.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Mixing]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[laminar flow]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[visualization]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[hydrodynamics]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[stirred vessels]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[eccentric impellers]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="4"><b>Enhancement of Laminar Mixing in Stirred Vessel using Geometrical Perturbations</b></font></p>              <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>             <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>A. Hidalgo&#45;Mill&aacute;n<sup>1</sup>, B. Taboada<sup>2</sup>, L. Vega&#45;Alvarado<sup>3</sup>, R. Zenit<sup>4</sup>, Gabriel Ascanio*<sup>3</sup></b></font></p>             <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>             <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i><sup>1</sup> Unidad Acad&eacute;mica de Ciencias B&aacute;sicas e Ingenier&iacute;a Universidad Aut&oacute;noma de Nayarit, Tepic, Nayarit, M&eacute;xico.</i> </font></p>             <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i><sup>2</sup> Instituto de Biotecnolog&iacute;a, Universidad Nacional Aut&oacute;noma de M&eacute;xico, Cuernavaca, Morelos, M&eacute;xico.</i></font></p>             <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i><sup>3</sup> Centro de Ciencias Aplicadas y Desarrollo Tecnol&oacute;gico, Universidad Nacional Aut&oacute;noma de M&eacute;xico, M&eacute;xico, D. F., M&eacute;xico,</i> *<a href="mailto:gabriel.ascanio@ccadet.unam.mx">gabriel.ascanio@ccadet.unam.mx</a>.</font></p>              <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i><sup>4</sup> Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Aut&oacute;noma de M&eacute;xico, M&eacute;xico DF, M&eacute;xico.</i></font></p>              <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>             <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>ABSTRACT</b></font></p>             ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Geometrical perturbations by using single and coaxial impellers configurations have been investigated in the laminar regime (<i>Re</i> = 2.68) in unbaffled stirred vessels. Combinations of one and two coaxial radial discharge flow impellers under centered and eccentric conditions were studied with viscous Newtonian fluid. The study of geometrical perturbations has been made in terms of the mixing times, energy consumption and the flow fields. Homogenization degrees and mixing times, determined with a color&#45;discoloration technique, were evaluated by means of image processing. The flow fields were investigated using the particle image velocimetry technique. The use of off&#45;centered impellers increases the pumping capacity; however, little effect of eccentricity was obtained when using two coaxial impellers under off&#45;centered conditions obtaining the best results with a novel configuration consisting of a dual turbine with connecting plates.</font></p>              <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><strong>Keywords:</strong> Mixing, laminar flow, visualization, hydrodynamics, stirred vessels, eccentric impellers.</font></p>              <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>             <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>RESUMEN</b></font></p>             <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Se presentan los resultados de la investigaci&oacute;n en tanques agitados en r&eacute;gimen laminar (<i>Re</i> = 2.68) con impulsores sencillos y coaxiales. Para ello se han elegido combinaciones de uno y dos agitadores de descarga radial centrados y descentrados con respecto al tanque empleando fluidos newtonianos. El estudio se llev&oacute; a cabo en t&eacute;rminos del tiempo de mezclado mediante la t&eacute;cnica de colorimetr&iacute;a y procesamiento de im&aacute;genes. Los campos de flujo se obtuvieron por medio de la t&eacute;cnica de velocimetr&iacute;a de im&aacute;genes de part&iacute;culas (PIV por sus siglas en ingl&eacute;s). Se observ&oacute; un incremento en la capacidad de bombeo empleando un impulsor exc&eacute;ntrico. Sin embargo, el efecto fue menor al emplear dos impulsores coaxiales en posici&oacute;n descentrada. Por tal motivo se propuso una nueva configuraci&oacute;n a base de dos agitadores coaxiales conectados mediante un par de barras.</font></p>              <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>             <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><a href="/pdf/jart/v10n4/v10n4a3.pdf" target="_blank">DESCARGAR ART&Iacute;CULO EN FORMATO PDF</a></font></p>             <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>             <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b><i>Acknowledgements</i></b></font></p>              <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">The financial support from DGAPA&#45;UNAM grant IN&#45;108312 and from National Council of Science and Technology (CONACyT) grant 123840 are highly appreciated. The technical advice and assistance during PIV experiments from Carlos Palacios is also acknowledged.</font></p>              ]]></body>
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