<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1665-6423</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Journal of applied research and technology]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[J. appl. res. technol]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1665-6423</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas y Tecnología]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1665-64232012000100001</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[ModusXXI: An Atonal Melody Generator for Ear Training, Based on Lars Edlund'S Modus Novus Methodology]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meave]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Orduña]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Escuela Nacional de Música ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[México D.F.]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Centro de Ciencias Aplicadas y Desarrollo Tecnológico ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[México D.F.]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>02</month>
<year>2012</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>02</month>
<year>2012</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>05</fpage>
<lpage>13</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1665-64232012000100001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1665-64232012000100001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1665-64232012000100001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[This paper describes the development, evaluation and use of the computer program ModusXXI, a music generator that can create a practically unlimited number of atonal melodic dictations, or melodic material for sight-reading, based on the Modus Novus methodology [Edlund, 1963]. Lars Edlund's Modus Novus organizes the aural study of atonal melody structure on the combinations of intervals that will break the bonds with any tonal context; a characteristic of some music composed since the first half of the 20th century. Each chapter has certain melodic material that has been grouped together, according to the musical intervals that they contain, in groups of increasing degree of difficulty. Although there are other atonal ear-training methods [Friedmann, 1990], Modus Novus is the only one known to us that concentrates specifically on the study of the melodic interval structure of atonal music. At present, several systems are available, or have been proposed, that generate music with computers. Nevertheless, none of these organizes the melodic structure upon specific atonal intervallic content. ModusXXI is a computer application with an easy-to-use graphic user interface, that runs on systems that support the Java Virtual Machine [www.java.com]. It generates melodies following the Modus Novus methodology, based on random selection of notes and rhythmic values. ModusXXI was tested with a group of music students, obtaining a Mean Opinion Score acceptance of over 80%.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[El presente artículo describe el desarrollo, evaluación y uso de la aplicación de cómputo ModusXXI, un generador melódico capaz de crear un número prácticamente ilimitado de melodías atonales que sirvan como dictados o material de lectura en un curso de adiestramiento auditivo. ModusXXI se basa en la metodología Modus Novus [Edlund, 1963] del compositor y pedagogo sueco Lars Edlund. Este método propone un estudio auditivo de las estructuras atonales utilizando combinaciones de intervalos que impiden una interpretación tonal, una característica de música compuesta a partir de la primera mitad del siglo XX. Cada capítulo contiene melodías que han sido agrupadas de acuerdo a sus intervalos y al grado de dificultad. Si bien existen otros métodos de adiestramiento auditivo [Friedmann, 1990], Modus Novus es el único que se concentra exclusivamente en el estudio de las relaciones interválicas en la música atonal. Actualmente existen diversos sistemas que generan música con computadora. Sin embargo, ninguno se basa en relaciones interválicas atonales específicas. ModusXXI es una aplicación de cómputo que cuenta con una interfaz de usuario de fácil manejo y funciona en cualquier sistema operativo que soporte la Máquina Virtual de Java [www.java.com]. La generación de las melodías es aleatoria, y sigue la metodología Modus Novus. ModusXXI fue evaluado con un grupo de estudiantes de música, utilizando el sistema de evaluación MOS (Mean Opinion Score), o de opinión promedio, con un porcentaje de aceptación superior al 80%.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Music]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Education]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Software]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="4"><b>ModusXXI: An Atonal Melody Generator for Ear Training, Based on Lars Edlund'S <i>Modus Novus Methodology</i></b></font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>A. Meave*<sup>1</sup>, F. Ordu&ntilde;a<sup>2</sup></b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i><sup>1</sup> Escuela Nacional de M&uacute;sica, Universidad Nacional Aut&oacute;noma de M&eacute;xico, Xicot&eacute;ncatl 126, Col. Del Carmen Coyoac&aacute;n, C.P. 04100, M&eacute;xico D.F., M&eacute;xico. *</i><a href="mailto:alfonsomeave@gmail.com">alfonsomeave@gmail.com</a></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i><sup>2</sup> Centro de Ciencias Aplicadas y Desarrollo Tecnol&oacute;gico, Universidad Nacional Aut&oacute;noma de M&eacute;xico, Circuito Exterior S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, A.P. 70&#150;186, Delegaci&oacute;n Coyoac&aacute;n, C.P. 04510, M&eacute;xico D.F., M&eacute;xico.</i></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>ABSTRACT</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">This paper describes the development, evaluation and use of the computer program <i>ModusXXI, </i>a music generator that can create a practically unlimited number of atonal melodic dictations, or melodic material for sight&#150;reading, based on the <i>Modus Novus </i>methodology &#91;Edlund, 1963&#93;. Lars Edlund's <i>Modus Novus </i>organizes the aural study of atonal melody structure on the <i>combinations of intervals </i>that will break the bonds with any tonal context; a characteristic of some music composed since the first half of the 20th century. Each chapter has certain melodic material that has been grouped together, according to the musical intervals that they contain, in groups of increasing degree of difficulty. Although there are other atonal ear&#150;training methods &#91;Friedmann, 1990&#93;, <i>Modus Novus </i>is the only one known to us that concentrates specifically on the study of the melodic interval structure of atonal music.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">At present, several systems are available, or have been proposed, that generate music with computers. Nevertheless, none of these organizes the melodic structure upon specific atonal intervallic content. ModusXXI is a computer application with an easy&#150;to&#150;use graphic user interface, that runs on systems that support the Java Virtual Machine &#91;<a href="http://www.java.com/es/" target="_blank">www.java.com</a>&#93;. It generates melodies following the Modus Novus methodology, based on random selection of notes and rhythmic values. ModusXXI was tested with a group of music students, obtaining a Mean Opinion Score acceptance of over 80%.</font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Keywords: </b>Music Education Software</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>RESUMEN</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">El presente art&iacute;culo describe el desarrollo, evaluaci&oacute;n y uso de la aplicaci&oacute;n de c&oacute;mputo <i>ModusXXI, </i>un generador mel&oacute;dico capaz de crear un n&uacute;mero pr&aacute;cticamente ilimitado de melod&iacute;as atonales que sirvan como dictados o material de lectura en un curso de adiestramiento auditivo. <i>ModusXXI </i>se basa en la metodolog&iacute;a <i>Modus Novus </i>&#91;Edlund, 1963&#93; del compositor y pedagogo sueco Lars Edlund. Este m&eacute;todo propone un estudio auditivo de las estructuras atonales utilizando combinaciones de intervalos que impiden una interpretaci&oacute;n tonal, una caracter&iacute;stica de m&uacute;sica compuesta a partir de la primera mitad del siglo XX. Cada cap&iacute;tulo contiene melod&iacute;as que han sido agrupadas de acuerdo a sus intervalos y al grado de dificultad. Si bien existen otros m&eacute;todos de adiestramiento auditivo &#91;Friedmann, 1990&#93;, <i>Modus Novus </i>es el &uacute;nico que se concentra exclusivamente en el estudio de las relaciones interv&aacute;licas en la m&uacute;sica atonal.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Actualmente existen diversos sistemas que generan m&uacute;sica con computadora. Sin embargo, ninguno se basa en relaciones interv&aacute;licas atonales espec&iacute;ficas. <i>ModusXXI </i>es una aplicaci&oacute;n de c&oacute;mputo que cuenta con una interfaz de usuario de f&aacute;cil manejo y funciona en cualquier sistema operativo que soporte la M&aacute;quina Virtual de Java &#91;<a href="http://www.java.com/es/" target="_blank">www.java.com</a>&#93;. La generaci&oacute;n de las melod&iacute;as es aleatoria, y sigue la metodolog&iacute;a <i>Modus Novus. ModusXXI </i>fue evaluado con un grupo de estudiantes de m&uacute;sica, utilizando el sistema de evaluaci&oacute;n MOS (Mean Opinion Score), o de opini&oacute;n promedio, con un porcentaje de aceptaci&oacute;n superior al 80%.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><a href="/pdf/jart/v10n1/v10n1a1.pdf" target="_blank">DESCARGAR ART&Iacute;CULO EN FORMATO PDF</a></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i><b>References</b></i></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&#91;1&#93; Edlund, L., Modus Novus. Stockholm: AB Nordiska Musikf&ouml;rlaget/ Edition Wilhelm Hansen, 1963, pp.13&#150;16.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=4827927&pid=S1665-6423201200010000100001&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&#91;2&#93; Arnold K. et al., Java Programming language (4th Edition), USA: Prentice Hall, 2005.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=4827929&pid=S1665-6423201200010000100002&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&#91;3&#93; Sorensen A., Introducing jMusic, in Proceedings of The Australasian Computer Music Conference. Brisbane: ACMA, 2000, pp. 68&#150;76.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=4827931&pid=S1665-6423201200010000100003&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&#91;4&#93; Meave, A., Creaci&oacute;n de una aplicaci&oacute;n de c&oacute;mputo generadora de melod&iacute;as atonales siguiendo la metodolog&iacute;a Modus Novus de Lars Edlund, Music Technology Master Thesis, M&eacute;xico: UNAM, 2007.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=4827933&pid=S1665-6423201200010000100004&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&#91;5&#93; International Communication Union Website, <a href="http://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-P.800.1-200607-I/en" target="_blank">http://www.itu.int/rec/T&#150;REC&#150;P.800.1&#150;200607&#150;I/en</a>, last visited: 2011&#150;11&#150;2.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=4827935&pid=S1665-6423201200010000100005&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&#91;6&#93; Forouzan B., Foundations of Computer Science, California: Thompson Learning Inc., 2003, pp. 202&#150;205.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=4827937&pid=S1665-6423201200010000100006&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&#91;7&#93; Shneiderman B., Designing the user interfaces, New York: Pearson Education, 2007, pp. 159&#150;196.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=4827939&pid=S1665-6423201200010000100007&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --> </font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&#91;8&#93; Friedmann, M., Ear Training for the Twentieth&#150;Century Music, USA: Yale University Press, 1990.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=4827941&pid=S1665-6423201200010000100008&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>      ]]></body><back>
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