R. Aquino–Santos*1, L. A. Villaseñor–González2, V. Rangel–Licea3, A. González–Potes4, M.A. García–Ruiz1, A. Edwards–Block1
1 Facultad de Telemática, Universidad de Colima, C. P. 28045, Colima, Colima, México *aquinor@ucol.mx
2 Departamento de Electrónica y Telecomunicaciones, CICESE, Carr. Tijuana–Ensenada, Km. 113, Ensenada, B. C. N., México.
3 Departamento de Telecomunicaciones, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D. F.
4 Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica, Universidad de Colima. Coquimatlán, Colima, México
ABSTRACT
]]> This paper presents a performance analysis of an enhanced version of the Topological Multicast Routing Algorithm (ToMuRo) on mobile wireless ad–hoc networks, which includes undecided border nodes. Employing undecided border nodes to forward multicast packets represents a significant enhancement because it optimizes the path discovery process by selecting undecided nodes that can function as multicast relay nodes. Flooding Mechanism and On–Demand Multicast Routing Protocol (ODMRP) are simulated and compared with both the basic and enhanced versions of the Topological Multicast Routing algorithm. The scenario evaluated considers one multicast transmitter and one, two, and three multicast receivers with various mobility patterns and transmission ranges. The behavior of 250 nodes is evaluated in terms of End to End Delay (EED), jitter, packet delivery ratio, and overhead. Results reveal that the enhanced version of ToMuRo performs better in terms of packet delivery ratio and jitter, while ODMRP performs better with respect to EED and Overhead.Keywords: Multicast routing algorithms, multi–hop wireless networks, ad–hoc networks, topological routing algorithm.
RESUMEN
Este trabajo presenta un análisis del funcionamiento de la versión mejorada del algoritmo de enrutamiento de difusión múltiple topológico (ToMuRo) en redes inalámbricas ad hoc móviles que incluye nodos de frontera no–decididos. La utilización de los nodos de frontera no–decididos evita que se reinicie el proceso de descubrimiento de ruta al seleccionar nodos no–decididos que puedan funcionar como nodos relevadores. El mecanismo de inundación (flooding) y el protocolo de enrutamiento de difusión múltiple bajo demanda (ODMRP) son simulados y comparados con las versiones básica y mejorada del algoritmo de enrutamiento de difusión múltiple topológico. El escenario evaluado considera un transmisor de difusión múltiple y uno, dos y tres receptores de difusión múltiple bajo varios patrones de movilidad y rangos de transmisión. El comportamiento de 250 nodos es evaluado en términos del retardo punto a punto (EED), distorsión de fase (jitter), porcentaje de entrega de paquetes, y sobre–procesamiento. Resultados revelan que la versión mejorada de ToMuRo funciona mejor en términos del porcentaje de entrega de paquetes, y distorsión de fase. ODMRP funciona bien con respecto al retardo punto a punto y sobre procesamiento.
DESCARGAR ARTÍCULO EN FORMATO PDF
References
[1] Deering, S. P., Cheriton, D. R. Multicast Routing in Datagram Inter–networks and Extended LANs. ACM Transactions on Computer Systems, vol 8, no. 2, pp. 85110, 1990. [ Links ]
[2] Moy, J. Multicast Routing Extensions for OSPF. Communications of the ACM, vol. 37, no. 8, pp. 61–66, 1994. [ Links ]
[3] Ballardie, T., Francis, P., Crowcroft, J. Core Based Trees (CBT) – An Architecture for Scalable Inter–Domain Multicast Routing. In Proceedings of ACM SIGCOMM'93, pp. 85–95, 1993. [ Links ]
[4] Deering, D., Estrin, D. L., Farinacci, D., Jacobson, V., Liu, C. G. Wei, L. The PIM Architecture for Wide–Area Multicast Routing. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networing, vol. 4, no.2, pp. 153–162, 1999. [ Links ]
[5] Xie, J., Talpade, R., Mcauley, A., Liu, M. AMRoute: Ad Hoc Multicast Routing Protocol. Mobile Networks and Applications, vol. 7, no. 6, pp. 429– 439, 2002. [ Links ]
[6] Sang, H. B., Sung–ju, L., William, S., Gerla, M. The Design, Implementation, and Performance Evaluation of the On–Demand Multicast Routing Protocol in Multihop Wireless Networks. IEEE Network, pp. 70–77, 2000. [ Links ]
[7] Wu, C. W., Tay, Y. C. AMRIS: A Multicast Protocol for Ad hoc Wireless Networks. Proceedings of IEEE MILCOM'99. pp. 25–29, 1999. [ Links ]
[8] Garcia–Luna–Aceves, J.J., Madruga, E. L. The Core–Assisted Mesh Protocol. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 17, no. 8,pp. 151–165, 1999. [ Links ]
[9] Royer, E. M., Perkins, Ch. E. Multicast Operation of the Ad hoc On–Demand Distance Vector Routing Protocol. Mobile Computing and Networking, pp. 207218, 1999. [ Links ]
[10] Jetcheva, J. G., Jonson, D. B. Adaptive Demand–Driven Multicast Routing in Multi–Hop Wireless Ad Hoc Networks. Proceedings of the second symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing (MobiHoc 2001), pp. 33–44, 2001. [ Links ]
[11] Lee, S., Su, W., Gerla, M., Bagrodia, R. A Performance Comparison Study of Ad Hoc Wireless Multicast Protocols. Proceedings of the IEEE INFOCOM , pp. 565–574, 2000. [ Links ]
[12] Jetcheva, J. G., Jonson, D. B. A Performance Comparison of On–Demand Multicast Routing Protocols for Ad Hoc Networks. CMU–CS–04–176, 2004. [ Links ]
[13] Pandey, M., Zappala, D. A scenario–Based Performance Evaluation of Multicast Routing for Ad Hoc Networks. Proceeding of the Sixth IEEE International Symposium on a World of Wireless Mobile and Multimedia Networks (WoWMoM'05), pp. 31–41, 2005. [ Links ]
[14] Malaguti, M., Taddia, C., Mazzini, G., Zorzi, M. Analysis of Performance of Multicast Routing Protocols over 802.11b, IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, vol, 5, pp. 3165–3169, 2004. [ Links ]
]]>