<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1665-6423</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Journal of applied research and technology]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[J. appl. res. technol]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1665-6423</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas y Tecnología]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1665-64232003000200001</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Measuring system for amperometric chemical sensors using the three-electrode technique for field application]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Galán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morales]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A03"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alegret]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A04"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Politécnico Nacional Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados Ingeniería Eléctrica]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[México Distrito Federal]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Pachuca Hidalgo]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A03">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cuautitlán Estado de México]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A04">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Barcelona ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2003</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2003</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>1</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>107</fpage>
<lpage>113</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1665-64232003000200001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1665-64232003000200001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1665-64232003000200001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[A portable and low cost measuring system for amperometric chemical sensors using the three-electrode technique was developed. This technique allows chemical sensors to work with currents higher than ten microamperes. The system was based on a potentiostat operation, completed with an I-V converter and signal conditioning circuits. The instrument was evaluated comparing calibration curves of hydrogen peroxide, proving several amperometric chemical sensors and biosensors, to those obtained from a very expensive commercial equipment. Good linearity and sensibility as well as low noise measurements were obtained. Moreover, because the reduced size and low cost, the instrument allows to be used directly in field applications.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Se presenta el desarrollo de un sistema de medición portátil y de bajo costo para sensores químicos amperométricos, utilizando la técnica de tres electrodos. Esta técnica permite a los sensores químicos trabajar con corrientes arriba de diez microamperes. El sistema se evaluó comparando curvas de calibración de peróxido de hidrógeno, probando varios sensores químicos amperométricos y biosensores, con aquellas obtenidas de un equipo comercial de alto costo. Se obtuvo una buena linearidad y sensibilidad, así como bajo ruido en las mediciones. Además, debido al tamaño reducido y a su bajo costo, el instrumento permite ser utilizado directamente en aplicaciones en el campo.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Electrochemical sensors]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[amperometric sensors]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[amperometric unit]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[ampermeter]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[  	    <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="4"><b>Measuring system for amperometric chemical sensors using the three&#45;electrode technique for field application</b></font></p>  	    <p>&nbsp;</p>  	    <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>P.R.Hern&aacute;ndez<sup>1</sup>,  C.A.Gal&aacute;n<sup>2</sup>, A.Morales<sup>3</sup> &amp; S. Alegret<sup>4</sup>.</b></font></p>  	    <p>&nbsp;</p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><sup>1</sup> <i>Centro de Investigaci&oacute;n y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Ingenier&iacute;a El&eacute;ctrica</i>.</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><sup>2</sup> <i>Universidad Aut&oacute;noma de Hidalgo, Qu&iacute;mica Anal&iacute;tica</i>.</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><sup>3</sup> <i>Universidad Nacional Aut&oacute;noma de M&eacute;xico, FES Cuautitl&aacute;n.</i></font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><sup>4</sup> <i>Universitat Aut&ograve;noma de Barcelona, Qu&iacute;mica Anal&iacute;tica.</i> <a href="mailto:phernand@mail.cinvestav.mx">phernand@mail.cinvestav.mx</a></font></p>  	    <p>&nbsp;</p>  	    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Received: September 13<sup>th</sup> 2000.    <br> 	Accepted: June 21<sup>th</sup> 2002.</font></p>  	    <p>&nbsp;</p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>ABSTRACT</b></font></p>      <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">A portable and low cost measuring system for amperometric chemical sensors using the three&#45;electrode technique was developed. This technique allows chemical sensors to work with currents higher than ten microamperes. The system was based on a potentiostat operation, completed with an I&#45;V converter and signal conditioning circuits. The instrument was evaluated comparing calibration curves of hydrogen peroxide, proving several amperometric chemical sensors and biosensors, to those obtained from a very expensive commercial equipment. Good linearity and sensibility as well as low noise measurements were obtained. Moreover, because the reduced size and low cost, the instrument allows to be used directly in field applications.</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Keywords:</b> Electrochemical sensors, amperometric sensors, amperometric unit, ampermeter.</font></p>  	    <p>&nbsp;</p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>RESUMEN</b></font></p>      <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Se presenta el desarrollo de un sistema de medici&oacute;n port&aacute;til y de bajo costo para sensores qu&iacute;micos amperom&eacute;tricos, utilizando la t&eacute;cnica de tres electrodos. Esta t&eacute;cnica permite a los sensores qu&iacute;micos trabajar con corrientes arriba de diez microamperes. El sistema se evalu&oacute; comparando curvas de calibraci&oacute;n de per&oacute;xido de hidr&oacute;geno, probando varios sensores qu&iacute;micos amperom&eacute;tricos y biosensores, con aquellas obtenidas de un equipo comercial de alto costo. Se obtuvo una buena linearidad y sensibilidad, as&iacute; como bajo ruido en las mediciones. Adem&aacute;s, debido al tama&ntilde;o reducido y a su bajo costo, el instrumento permite ser utilizado directamente en aplicaciones en el campo.</font></p>  	    <p>&nbsp;</p>  	    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><a href="/pdf/jart/v1n2/v1n2a1.pdf" target="_blank">DESCARGAR ART&Iacute;CULO EN FORMATO PDF</a></font></p>  	    <p>&nbsp;</p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>References</b></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&#91;1&#93; Janata J., Principles of chemical sensors, Plenum Press, New York, 1989.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=4813750&pid=S1665-6423200300020000100001&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&#91;2&#93; Bostwick K.G., Bougher J., Kissinger P.T., Battery&#45;powered potentiostats for LCEC and amperometric biosensors, Current separations, 13:1 (1994) 28&#45;29.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=4813752&pid=S1665-6423200300020000100002&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&#91;3&#93; Bard A.J. and Faulkner L.R., Electrochemical methods, Fundamentals and applications, John Wiley &amp; Sons, 1980, USA.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=4813754&pid=S1665-6423200300020000100003&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&#91;4&#93; Gal&aacute;n Vidal C. A., Desarrollo de sensores qu&iacute;micos por tecnolog&iacute;a thick&#45;film, Universitat Aut&ograve;noma de Barcelona, Departamento de Qu&iacute;mica, Bellaterra Espa&ntilde;a, 1995.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=4813756&pid=S1665-6423200300020000100004&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>      ]]></body><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Janata]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Principles of chemical sensors]]></source>
<year>1989</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Plenum Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bostwick]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bougher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kissinger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Battery-powered potentiostats for LCEC and amperometric biosensors]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Current separations]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>28-29</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Faulkner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Electrochemical methods, Fundamentals and applications]]></source>
<year>1980</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[John Wiley & Sons]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Galán Vidal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Desarrollo de sensores químicos por tecnología thick-film, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona]]></source>
<year></year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bellaterra ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Departamento de Química]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
