<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1665-5044</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista mexicana de neurociencia]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. mex. neurocienc.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1665-5044</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Academia Mexicana de Neurología A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1665-50442025000100006</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24875/rmn.24000034</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Cavernomas: a literature review]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Cavernomas: una revisión de la literatura]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dávalos-Cabral]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Natalia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Solís-Gómez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Raymundo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arrieta-Limón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gerardo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hurtado-Presa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Brandon A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salgado-Alvear]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Andrea]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calderón-Garcidueñas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ana L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Serrano-Arias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fabiola E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez Department of Teaching ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Mexico City ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez Department of Neuropathology ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Mexico City ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez Stroke Clinic ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Mexico City ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>02</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>02</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>26</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>30</fpage>
<lpage>39</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1665-50442025000100006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1665-50442025000100006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1665-50442025000100006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Cavernomas are slow-flow benign vascular lesions. Globally, they represent the second most common vascular malformation of the central nervous system. They primarily occur sporadically, with documented cases of de novo development, radiation-associated cases, or cases without identifiable risk factors. In their hereditary form, they are associated with the genes KRIT1, CCM2, and CCM3. The most frequent clinical manifestations include headache, seizures, focal deficits, and hemorrhagic events, with intracranial hemorrhage being the main cause of disability. Magnetic resonance imaging is the most precise diagnostic tool, allowing the classification of cavernomas based on the hemorrhage phase. Management varies from surveillance to surgical intervention, especially in symptomatic cases or drug-resistant epilepsy. Management during pregnancy should be individualized to avoid teratogenic effects. This article aims to review and update information on cavernomas, addressing their epidemiology, pathophysiology, predominant localization, and various clinical and imaging presentations despite their dynamic growth or association with underlying comorbidities in the context of a clinical case. The goal is to expedite accurate diagnosis and treatment, reducing associated disability in patients.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Los cavernomas son lesiones vasculares benignas de flujo lento. A nivel global constituyen la segunda malformación vascular más común del sistema nervioso central. Se presentan principalmente de forma esporádica, asociados a radiación o sin factores de riesgo identificables. En su forma hereditaria están asociados a los genes KRIT1, CCM2 Y CCM3. Las manifestaciones clínicas más frecuentes incluyen cefalea, convulsiones, déficits focales y eventos hemorrágicos, siendo la hemorragia intracraneal la principal causa de discapacidad. La resonancia magnética es la herramienta diagnóstica más precisa, permitiendo clasificar los cavernomas según la fase de hemorragia. Su manejo varía desde la vigilancia hasta la intervención quirúrgica, especialmente en casos sintomáticos o de epilepsia refractaria a fármacos. Su manejo en el embarazo debe individualizarse para evitar efectos teratogénicos. Este artículo tiene como propósito revisar y actualizar la información sobre los cavernomas, abordando su epidemiología, fisiopatología, localización predominante y sus diferentes formas de presentación clínica e imagenológica a pesar de su crecimiento dinámico, o aparición asociada a comorbilidades a propósito de un caso clínico. El fin es agilizar su correcto diagnóstico y tratamiento, reduciendo la discapacidad asociada en los pacientes.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Cavernomas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Intracranial hemorrhage]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Magnetic resonance imaging]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Cavernomas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Hemorragia intracraneal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Resonancia magnética]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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