<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1665-5044</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista mexicana de neurociencia]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. mex. neurocienc.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1665-5044</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Academia Mexicana de Neurología A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1665-50442022000300086</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24875/rmn.21000049</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Electro-clinical relationship and source analysis of absence seizures in childhood]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Relación electro-clínica y análisis de fuentes de las crisis de ausencia en la infancia]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aguilar-Fabré]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Liane]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez-Valdés]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[René F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Galán-García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lídice]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bosch-Bayard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jorge F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández-Montiel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Hebert L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García-García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ramiro J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro School of Medicine Neurobiology and Cell Bioengineering Laboratory]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Querétaro ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro de Neurociencias de Cuba Department of Neurostatistics ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Havana ]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,McGill University Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospitall McGill Centre for Integrative Neurosciences]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Montreal ]]></addr-line>
<country>Canada</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Pediátrico Juan Manuel Márquez Neuropediatric Service ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Havana ]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>86</fpage>
<lpage>91</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1665-50442022000300086&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1665-50442022000300086&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1665-50442022000300086&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Purpose: This study was to deepen into the electro-clinical relationship and source analysis of absence seizures in childhood.  Methods: Thirty-three subjects were studied with clinical and electrophysiological diagnosis of absence seizures without antiepileptic medication, video-electroencephalogram was applied. We obtained clinical behavior and electrophysiological variables during seizures and General Linear Model was applied, with p &lt; 0.05. Source analysis was carried out with VARETA method.  Results: 174 seizures were evaluated. 75.75% showed interictal epileptiform discharges (IED) and 12.12% showed posterior delta activity. There was an unequal behavior in relation with total electro-clinical seizures and presence or no of IED (p = 0.02), namely between subjects without IED in EEG and multifocal EEG (p = 0.008). Quantity of seizures recorded during HPV had a different behavior between subjects without IED in EEG and multifocal EEG (p = 0.03) and between focal and multifocal EEG (p = 0.04). Source analysis (VARETA) evidence the onset frontal of seizures in 57.47%, mesial and dorsolateral regions in 43% and 57%, respectively.  Conclusion: These data suggest that absence seizures are not &#8220;generalized&#8221; if we considered global cortical activation but rather involve localized discharges from specific cortical regions, mainly frontal lobe.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Objetivo: Profundizar en las relaciones electro- clínica y el análisis de fuentes de las crisis de ausencia en la infancia.  Métodos: Se estudiaron 33 sujestos con el diagnóstico clínico y electrofisiológico de crisis de ausencia sin medicación antiepiléptica, se realizó Video-EEG. Se recogieron los comportamientos clínicos y variables electrofisiológicas durante las crisis y se aplicó un Modelo General Lineal, con p &lt; 0.05. El análisis de las fuentes se realizó con el método VARETA.  Resultados: Se evaluaron 174 crisis El 75,75% mostró descargas epileptiformes interictales (DEI) y el 12,12% mostró actividad delta posterior. Existió un comportamiento desigual en relación con el total de crisis electroclínicas y la presencia o no de DEI (p = 0.02) y entre los sujetos sin DEI y DEI multifocales (p = 0.008). El número de crisis registradas durante la HPV tuvo un comportamiento diferente entre sujetos sin DEI y EEG con DEI multifocales (p = 0.03) y entre EEG focal y multifocal (p = 0.04). El análisis de las fuentes evidenció el inicio frontal de las crisis en el 57,47%, con la participación de las regiones mesial y dorsolateral en el 43% y 57% respectivamente.  Conclusiones: Los datos sugieren que las crisis de ausencia no son ¨generalizadas¨ si se considera la activación cortical global, sino que involucran descargas localizadas en regiones corticales específicas, principalmente del lóbulo frontal.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Absence seizures]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[VARETA]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Source analysis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Crisis de ausencia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[VARETA]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Análisis de fuentes]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Blumenfeld]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cellular and network mechanisms of spike-wave seizures]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Epilepsia]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>46</volume>
<page-range>21-33</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hughes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JR]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Absence seizures:a review of recent reports with new concepts]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Epilepsy Behav]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<page-range>404-12</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Panayiotopoulos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Michael]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sanders]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valeta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Koutroumanidis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Benign childhood focal epilepsies:assessment of established and newly recognized syndromes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Brain]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>131</volume>
<page-range>2264-86</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Avoli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gloor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Interaction of cortex and thalamus in spike and wave discharges of feline generalized penicillin epilepsy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Exp Neurol]]></source>
<year>1982</year>
<volume>76</volume>
<page-range>196-217</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meeren]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[van Luijtelaar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[da Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Coenen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evolving concepts on the pathophysiology of absence seizures:the cortical focus theory]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Arch Neurol]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>62</volume>
<page-range>371-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Holmes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brown]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tucker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Are generalized seisures truly generalized?Evidence of localized mesial frontal and frontopolar discharges in absence]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Epilepsia]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>45</volume>
<page-range>1568-79</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Craiu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Magureanu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[van Emde Boas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Are absence truly generalized seizures or partial seizures originating from or predominantly involving the pre-motor areas?Some clinical and theoretical observations and their implications for seizures classification]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Epilepsy Res]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>70</volume>
<page-range>141-55</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Clemens]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bessenyer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Piros]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tóth]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Seress]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kondákor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Characteristic distribution of interictal brain electrical activity in idiopathic generalized epilepsy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Epilepsia]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>48</volume>
<page-range>941-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tenney]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fujiwara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Horn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jacobson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Glauser]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rose]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DF]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Focal corticothalamic sources during generalized absence seizures:a MEG study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Epilepsy Res]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>106</volume>
<page-range>113-22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bragas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fujisao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Betting]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LE]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Analysis of generalized interictal discharges using quantitative EEG]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Epilepsy Res]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>108</volume>
<page-range>1740-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Amor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baillet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Navarro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Adam]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martinerie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Le van Quyen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cortical local and long-range synchronization interplay in human absence seizure initiation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Neuroimage]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>45</volume>
<page-range>950-62</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Urretarazu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Iriarte]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Análisis matemáticos en el estudio de señales electroencefalográficos]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Neurol]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>41</volume>
<page-range>423-34</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jung]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[YJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Suh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evaluation of algorithms for intracranial EEG (iEEG) source imaging of extended sources:feasibility of using iEEG source imaging for localizing epileptogenic zones in secondary generalized epilepsy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Brain Topogr]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<page-range>91-104</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cosandier-Rimélé]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Merlet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Badier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chauvel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wendling]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The neuronal sources of EEG:modeling of simultaneous scalp and intracerebral recordings in epilepsy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Neuroimage]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>42</volume>
<page-range>135-46</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grech]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cassar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Muscat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Camilleri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fabri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zervakis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Review on solving the inverse problem in EEG source analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Neuroeng Rehabil]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<page-range>25</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valdes-Sosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Casanova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Variable resolution electric-magnetic tomography]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aine]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stroink]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wood]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Okada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Swithenby]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Biomag 96]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Springer]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Evans]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Collins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Neelin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MacDonald]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kamber]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marrett]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Three-dimensional correlative imaging:applications in human brain mapping]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thatcher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hallet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zeffiro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[John]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ER]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huerta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Functional Neuroimaging:Technical Foundations]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<page-range>145-62</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[San Diego, CA ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Academic Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Poblano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ibarra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Muniz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Absence seizures effects on reading revealed by video-electroencephalography]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Invest Clin]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>53</volume>
<page-range>136-40</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Capovilla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rubboli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beccaria]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lorenzetti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ME]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montagnini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Resi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A clinical spectrum of the myoclonic manifestations associated with typical absences in childhood absence epilepsy. A video-polygraphic study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Epileptic Disord]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<page-range>57-61</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sadleir]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Farrel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Smith]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Connolly]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scheffer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[IE]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Electroclinical features of absence seizures in childhood absence epilepsy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Neurology]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>67</volume>
<page-range>413-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sundaram]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hogan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hiscock]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pillay]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Factors affecting interictal spike discharges in adults with epilepsy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<volume>75</volume>
<page-range>358-60</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Janszky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hoppe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Clemens]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Janszky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gyimesi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schulz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Spike frequency is dependent on epilepsy duration and seizure frequency in temporal lobe epilepsy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Epileptic Disord]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<page-range>355-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Krendel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lurger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baumgartner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Absolute spikes frequency predicts surgical outcomes in TLE with unilateral hippocampal atrophy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Neurology]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>71</volume>
<page-range>4138</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gloor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Avoli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kostopoulos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Thalamo-cortical relationships in generalized epilepsy with bilaterally synchronous spike-and-wave discharge. In:Avoli M, Gloor P, Kostopoulos G, Naquet R, editors]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Generalized Epilepsy. Neurobiological Approaches]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<page-range>190-212</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Boston ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Birkhauser]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salek-Haddadi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lemieux]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Merschhemke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Friston]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duncan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fisch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DR]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Functional magnetic resonance imaging of human absence seizures]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ann Neurol]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>53</volume>
<page-range>663-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>26</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Szaflarski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[DiFrancesco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hirschauer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Banks]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Privitera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gotman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cortical and subcortical contributions to absence seizure onset examined with EEG/fMRI]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Epilepsy Behav]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<page-range>404-13</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>27</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duncan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Paper by invitation:imaging idiopathic generalized epilepsy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin EEG Neurosci]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<page-range>168-72</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>28</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Betting]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mory]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lopes-Cendes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ML]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guerreiro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cam]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[MRI volumetry shows increased anterior thalamic volumes in patients with absence seizure]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Epilepsy Behav]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<page-range>575-80</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>29</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Savic]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Seitz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pauli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Brain distortions in patients with primarily generalized tonic-clonic seizures]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Epilepsia]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>39</volume>
<page-range>364-70</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<label>30</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Woermann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Free]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Koepp]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[\Duncan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Abnormal cerebral structure in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy demonstrated with voxel-based analysis of MRI]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Brain]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>122</volume>
<page-range>2101-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<label>31</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meencke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Janz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Neuropathological findings in primary generalized epilepsy:a study of eight cases]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Epilepsia]]></source>
<year>1984</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<page-range>8-21</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<label>32</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meencke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Janz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The significance of microdysgenesia in primary generalized epilepsy:an answer to the considerations of Lyon and Gastaut]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Epilepsia]]></source>
<year>1985</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<page-range>368-71</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<label>33</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pulli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tsang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[YM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Microstructural changes in absence seizure children:a diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pediatr Neonatol]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>57</volume>
<page-range>318-25</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<label>34</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Caiyun]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jing]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jintao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shuyang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ailiang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Quantify neuromagnetic network changes from pre-ictal to ictal activities in absence seizures]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Neuroscience]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>357</volume>
<page-range>134-44</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
