<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1665-5044</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista mexicana de neurociencia]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. mex. neurocienc.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1665-5044</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Academia Mexicana de Neurología A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1665-50442021000600248</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24875/rmn.20000129</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorder]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[La patogenia del trastorno del espectro autista]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sanabria-Barradas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Beatriz]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gallardo-Beatriz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Libna S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Palma-Jacinto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calderón-Garcidueñas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ana L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Veracruzana Faculty of Psychology Laboratory of Psychobiology]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Veracruz ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Veracruzana Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Veracruz ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Veracruzana Support Services Unit in Analytical Resolution ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Veracruz ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Veracruzana Faculty of Bioanalysis Laboratory of Biochemistry and Neurotoxicology]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Veracruz ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Veracruzana School of Medicine ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Veracruz ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<fpage>248</fpage>
<lpage>255</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1665-50442021000600248&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1665-50442021000600248&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1665-50442021000600248&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract This manuscript reviews the mechanisms that contribute to the production of the autism spectrum disorder (ASD), especially the genetic and immunological components. Knowing the participating elements and mechanisms are essential to establish preventive measures and look for early markers. The ASD can have subtle or devastating manifestations, and exerting immunomodulatory actions could be useful in the management of these patients. There seems to be different environmental insults that may act as triggers in genetically predisposed subjects; these insults can promote an inflammatory response in which interleukin-6 could participate actively at the level of neural stem cells and progenitors. The degree of involvement in neurogenesis and astrogenesis, and therefore, the observed clinical spectrum will depend on two facts that alter the neural circuits, including the brain region that loses proper input or output connectivity due to abnormal migration of a group of neurons, and the astrocytic survival.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Este manuscrito revisa los mecanismos que contribuyen a la producción del trastorno del espectro autista (TEA), especialmente los componentes genéticos e inmunológicos. Conocer los elementos y mecanismos participantes es fundamental para establecer medidas preventivas y buscar marcadores tempranos. El TEA puede tener manifestaciones sutiles o devastadoras, y ejercer acciones inmunomoduladoras podría ser útil en el manejo de estos pacientes. Parece haber diferentes agresiones ambientales que pueden actuar como desencadenantes en sujetos genéticamente predispuestos; Estas agresiones pueden promover una respuesta inflamatoria en la que la interleucina-6 podría participar actuando activamente a nivel de células madre neurales y progenitores. El grado de implicación en la neurogénesis y la astrogénesis, y por tanto, el espectro clínico observado, dependerá de dos hechos que alteran los circuitos neuronales, incluida la región del cerebro que pierde la conectividad de entrada o salida adecuada debido a la migración anormal de un grupo de neuronas, y la supervivencia astrocítica.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Autism]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Pathogenesis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Risk factors]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Immunology]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Genetics]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Autismo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Patogenia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Factores de riesgo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Inmunología]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Genética]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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