<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1665-5044</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista mexicana de neurociencia]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. mex. neurocienc.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1665-5044</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Academia Mexicana de Neurología A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1665-50442020000300104</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24875/rmn.20000083</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Cranial electrical stimulation for the treatment of insomnia, anxiety, and depression symptoms in adults]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Estimulación eléctrica craneal para el tratamiento de los síntomas de insomnio, ansiedad y depresión en adultos]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moo-Estrella]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jesús A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez-Pichardo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán School of Psychology ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Mérida Yucatán]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>104</fpage>
<lpage>110</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1665-50442020000300104&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1665-50442020000300104&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1665-50442020000300104&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Background: Clinical advantages of the cranial electrical stimulation (CES) are not yet clear.  Objective: The objective of the study was to know the effects as a result of the CES intervention for the treatment of insomnia symptoms, anxiety, and depression.  Method: Twenty-four individuals agreed to participate in the study, all of them with initial insomnia diagnosis (ISDC-2), with an average age of 32.10 (± 14.24) years old (58% women), distributed in control (n = 11) and experimental group (n = 13). The intruments used were Beck's depression inventory, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Insomnia Severity Index, and the Insomnia Symptoms Questionnaire. A CES device (Fisher Wallace-100) was given to each participant for its use at nights and mornings (20 min each session) for 10 days.  Results: Insomnia symptoms decreased significantly in both the control and experimental groups (p &lt; 0.01), but only in the experimental group there was a significant reduction in the severity of insomnia (p &lt; 0.05). According to the effect size (Cohen's d), the experimental group had a larger effect in the insomnia severity and a moderated effect for anxiety and depression. The placebo group had a small effect in anxiety and a medium in insomnia and depression.  Conclusions: The CES effect is superior to placebo to reduce the insomnia severity, but it is no different from placebo for anxiety and depression symptoms.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Introducción: La estimulación eléctrica craneal (EEC) es una técnica neurofisiológica que consiste en enviar pulsos de corriente eléctrica (&lt; 4 mA) al cerebro a través de electrodos colocados en el cuero cabelludo. Sin embargo, los alcances clínicos de la EEC como tratamiento para las alteraciones afectivas y del sueño aún no están claros.  Objetivo: Conocer los efectos del uso de la intervención EEC para el tratamiento sobre los síntomas de insomnio, ansiedad y depresión.  Método: Participaron 24 sujetos que cumplieron los criterios de insomnio de acuerdo con el ISDC-2, con una edad promedio de 32.10 (± 14.24) años (58% mujeres), divididos en grupo control (n = 11) y grupo experimental (n = 13). Los instrumentos utilizados fueron el inventario de depresión de Beck, el cuestionario de ansiedad-estado (Spielberger), el Índice de Severidad de Insomnio y un cuestionario de síntomas de insomnio. Cada participante recibió un dispositivo de EEC (FW-100) para su uso en la noche y en la mañana (20 minutos cada sesión), durante 10 días, empleado durante 20 minutos cada noche antes de dormir y 20 minutos al despertar. Los cuestionarios fueron aplicados antes y después del tratamiento.  Resultados: Los síntomas de insomnio disminuyeron significativamente tanto en el grupo control como el experimental (p &lt; 0.01), pero solo en el grupo experimental hubo una reducción significativa de la gravedad del insomnio (p &lt; 0.05). Con base en el tamaño del efecto (d de Cohen), el grupo experimental tuvo un efecto mayor en la reducción de la gravedad del insomnio y un efecto moderado para la ansiedad y la depresión. En el grupo de placebo (control) la magnitud del efecto fue leve para la ansiedad y moderada tanto para el insomnio como para la depresión.  Conclusiones: El efecto EEC fue superior al placebo para reducir la gravedad en el tratamiento del insomnio, pero no fue diferente al placebo y tuvo efectos similares en la disminución de los síntomas de ansiedad y depresión.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Anxiety]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Cranial electrical stimulation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Depression]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Insomnia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Ansiedad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Estimulación eléctrica craneal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Depresión]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Insomnio]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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