<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1665-3521</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Superficies y vacío]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Superf. vacío]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1665-3521</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Mexicana de Ciencia y Tecnología de Superficies y Materiales A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1665-35212009000400002</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Weak-inversion topologies of analog median filters]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Díaz-Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alejandro]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rocha Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José Miguel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lemus-López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Javier]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez-Angulo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jaime]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Muñoz-Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Germán Ardul]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A03"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gracios-Marín]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos Arturo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A03"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica Óptica y Electrónica  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Tonantzintla Puebla]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution><![CDATA[,New Mexico State University Klipsch School of Electrical and Computer Engineering ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Las Cruces New Mexico]]></addr-line>
<country>USA</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A03">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Tecnológico de Puebla  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Puebla Puebla]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2009</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2009</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<fpage>6</fpage>
<lpage>9</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1665-35212009000400002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1665-35212009000400002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1665-35212009000400002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Design and implementation of two analog median filter cells are described. The first topology is a differential pairs array, which drain currents are driven into two nodes in a differential fashion. The second topology is based on a wide range OTA, which is used as basic block to maximize the dynamic range. Fabrication parameters for a MOSIS process of 1.6 &#956;m are used. Experimental results of two three-input fabricated prototypes are shown.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Non-linear Filters]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Median Filters]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Weak-Inversion]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="4"><b>Weak&#150;inversion topologies of analog median filters</b></font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Alejandro D&iacute;az&#150;S&aacute;nchez<sup>1</sup>, Jos&eacute; Miguel Rocha P&eacute;rez<sup>1</sup>, Javier Lemus&#150;L&oacute;pez<sup>1</sup>, Jaime Ram&iacute;rez&#150;Angulo<sup>2</sup>*, Germ&aacute;n Ardul Mu&ntilde;oz&#150;Hern&aacute;ndez<sup>3</sup>, Carlos Arturo Gracios&#150;Mar&iacute;n<sup>3</sup></b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i><sup>1</sup> INAOE, Luis E. Erro #1. Tonantzintla, Puebla, M&eacute;xico. E&#150;mail: </i><a href="mailto:adiasan@inaoep.mx">adiasan@inaoep.mx</a>, </font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i><sup>2</sup> Klipsch School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA. E&#150;mail:: *</i><a href="mailto:jramirez@nmsu.edu">jramirez@nmsu.edu</a></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i><sup>3</sup> Instituto Tecnol&oacute;gico de Puebla Av. Tecnol&oacute;gico 424, Puebla, Puebla, M&eacute;xico. E&#150;mail: </i><a href="mailto:gmunoz64@hotmail.com">gmunoz64@hotmail.com</a></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Recibido: 10 de julio de 2009.    <br> Aceptado: 20 de octubre de 2009.</font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Abstract</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Design and implementation of two analog median filter cells are described. The first topology is a differential pairs array, which drain currents are driven into two nodes in a differential fashion. The second topology is based on a wide range OTA, which is used as basic block to maximize the dynamic range. Fabrication parameters for a MOSIS process of 1.6 &#956;m are used. Experimental results of two three&#150;input fabricated prototypes are shown.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Keywords: </b>Non&#150;linear Filters; Median Filters; Weak&#150;Inversion.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><a href="/pdf/sv/v22n4/v22n4a2.pdf" target="_blank">DESCARGAR ART&Iacute;CULO EN FORMATO PDF</a></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Referencias</b></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&#91;1&#93;. I. Pitas and A. Venetsanopoulos, Nonlinear Digital Filters: Principles and Applications (Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, 1990).    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=9689380&pid=S1665-3521200900040000200001&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&#91;2&#93;. D. Richards, VLSI Median Filters, IEEE Trans. on Acoustic, Speech and Signal Proc, <b>38, </b>2, (1990).    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=9689382&pid=S1665-3521200900040000200002&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --> </font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&#91;3&#93;. M. Karaman, L. Onural and A. Atalar, in: VLSI Signal Processing III, Eds. R.W. Brodersen and H.S. Moscowitz (IEEE Press, New York, 1988).    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=9689384&pid=S1665-3521200900040000200003&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&#91;4&#93;. P. H. Dietz and L.R. Carley, An Analog Technique for Finding the Median, in Proc. IEEE Custom Int. Circ. Conf., (1993).    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=9689386&pid=S1665-3521200900040000200004&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&#91;5&#93;. I. Opris and G. Kovacs, "Improved Analogue Median Filter", Elect. Letters, <b>30, </b>4 (1994).    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=9689388&pid=S1665-3521200900040000200005&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&#91;6&#93;. A. Diaz&#150;Sanchez, J. Ramirez&#150;Angulo, A. Lopez and E. Sanchez&#150;Sinencio, A Fully Parallel Analog Median Filter," IEEE Trans. on Circ. and Syst. II, (2004).    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=9689390&pid=S1665-3521200900040000200006&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&#91;7&#93;. P. Furth and A. Andreou, Transconductors in Subthreshold MOS, 29<sup>th</sup> Conf. on Inf. Sci. and Syst., (Baltimore, 1993).    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=9689392&pid=S1665-3521200900040000200007&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --> </font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&#91;8&#93;. A.G. Andreou and K. Boahen, in: Analog VLSI Signal and Information Processing, Eds. M. Ismail and T. Feiz, (McGraw&#150;Hill, 1994).    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=9689394&pid=S1665-3521200900040000200008&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&#91;9&#93;.  Y. Tsividis, Operation and Modeling of the MOS Transistor, (McGraw&#150;Hill International Editions, Singapore, 1999).    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=9689396&pid=S1665-3521200900040000200009&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&#91;10&#93;. C. Mead, Analog VLSI and Neural Systems, (Addison&#150;Wesley, Reading, MA, 1989).    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=9689398&pid=S1665-3521200900040000200010&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>      ]]></body><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pitas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Venetsanopoulos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Nonlinear Digital Filters: Principles and Applications]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Boston ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Kluwer Academic Publishers]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Richards]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[VLSI Median Filters]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[IEEE Trans. on Acoustic, Speech and Signal Proc]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<volume>38</volume>
<page-range>2</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Karaman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Onural]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Atalar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brodersen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moscowitz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[VLSI Signal Processing III]]></source>
<year>1988</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[IEEE Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dietz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[An Analog Technique for Finding the Median]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Proc. IEEE Custom Int. Circ. Conf.]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Opris]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kovacs]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Improved Analogue Median Filter]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Elect. Letters]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<page-range>4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Diaz-Sanchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramirez-Angulo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lopez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sanchez-Sinencio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[A Fully Parallel Analog Median Filter]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[IEEE Trans. on Circ. and Syst.]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Furth]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Andreou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Transconductors in Subthreshold MOS]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year></year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[29th Conf. on Inf. Sci. and Syst.]]></conf-name>
<conf-date>1993</conf-date>
<conf-loc>Baltimore </conf-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Andreou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boahen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ismail]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Feiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Analog VLSI Signal and Information Processing]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[McGraw-Hill]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tsividis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Operation and Modeling of the MOS Transistor]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[McGraw-Hill International Editions]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mead]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Analog VLSI and Neural Systems]]></source>
<year>1989</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Reading^eMA MA]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Addison-Wesley]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
