<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1665-3521</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Superficies y vacío]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Superf. vacío]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1665-3521</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Mexicana de Ciencia y Tecnología de Superficies y Materiales A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1665-35212008000300002</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Analysis of the potential upon the floating gate of an FGMOSFET used as a gas sensor]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reyes-Barranca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mendoza-Acevedo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Flores-Nava]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ávila-García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gopar-Castillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González-Vidal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN) Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV) ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Mexico D.F.]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo (UAEH)  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Pachuca Hgo]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>6</fpage>
<lpage>10</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1665-35212008000300002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1665-35212008000300002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1665-35212008000300002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Gas sensor structures using metal oxides as sensing layers are widely used, but commonly the resistance variation of these layers is used to correlate this parameter with gas concentration. Here, we show that the sensitivity of a Floating-gate MOSFET (FGMOSFET) can be used also in gas detection by taking advantage of those ions derived from the chemical reaction between either reducing or oxidizing gases and a sensing layer, like metal oxides. This principle has been used in pH meter of solutions but by using a non-standard technology. This work suggests a structure that can be designed and fabricated by using standard CMOS technology. It should be stressed that this technology is compatible with MEMS. In this design, semiconducting metal oxides heated to temperatures up to 400 °C can be used. In order to assess such a possibility, the results from an equivalent circuit using a conventional MOSFET and an iron oxide-pyrrole film as the sensing element are shown.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[FGMOSFET]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Gas sensors]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[MEMS]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Metal-oxides]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="4"><b>Analysis of the potential upon the floating gate of an FGMOSFET used as a gas sensor</b></font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>M. A. Reyes&#150;Barranca<sup>1</sup>*, S. Mendoza&#150;Acevedo<sup>1</sup>, L. M. Flores&#150;Nava<sup>1</sup>, A. &Aacute;vila&#150;Garc&iacute;a<sup>1</sup>, A. A. Gopar&#150;Castillo<sup>1</sup> and J. L. Gonz&aacute;lez&#150;Vidal<sup>2</sup></b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i><sup>1</sup> Department of Electrical Engineering, CINVESTAV&#150;IPN, Mexico D.F. *</i><a href="mailto:mreyes@cinvestav.mx">mreyes@cinvestav.mx</a></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i><sup>2</sup> UAEH, Pachuca, Hgo., Mexico.</i></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Recibido: 19 de enero de 2008.    <br> Aceptado: 22 de agosto de 2008.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Abstract</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Gas sensor structures using metal oxides as sensing layers are widely used, but commonly the resistance variation of these layers is used to correlate this parameter with gas concentration. Here, we show that the sensitivity of a Floating&#150;gate MOSFET (FGMOSFET) can be used also in gas detection by taking advantage of those ions derived from the chemical reaction between either reducing or oxidizing gases and a sensing layer, like metal oxides. This principle has been used in pH meter of solutions but by using a non&#150;standard technology. This work suggests a structure that can be designed and fabricated by using standard CMOS technology. It should be stressed that this technology is compatible with MEMS. In this design, semiconducting metal oxides heated to temperatures up to 400 &deg;C can be used. In order to assess such a possibility, the results from an equivalent circuit using a conventional MOSFET and an iron oxide&#150;pyrrole film as the sensing element are shown.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Keywords: </b>FGMOSFET; Gas sensors; MEMS; Metal&#150;oxides.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><a href="/pdf/sv/v21n3/v21n3a2.pdf" target="_blank">DESCARGAR ART&Iacute;CULO EN FORMATO PDF</a></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Acknowledgment</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">This work was supported by CONACYT with the project number 57429.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>References</b></font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&#91;1&#93;&nbsp;Urs Frey, Markus Graf, Stefano Taschini, Kay&#150;Uwe Kirstein and Andreas Hierlemann, IEEE Journal of Solid&#150;State Circuits, <b>2, </b>441 (2007).    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=9686401&pid=S1665-3521200800030000200001&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --> </font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&#91;2&#93; Jes&uacute;s Brezmes, , M. L. L&oacute;pez Fructuoso, E. Llobet, X. Vilanova, I. Recasens, J. Orts, G. Saiz, and X. Correig. IEEE Sensors Journal. <b>5, </b>97 (2005).    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=9686403&pid=S1665-3521200800030000200002&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&#91;3&#93; Diego Barrentino, Markus Graf, Martin Zimmermann, Christoph Hagleitner, Andreas Hierlemann and Henry Baltes. Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing. <b>39, </b>275 (2004).    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=9686405&pid=S1665-3521200800030000200003&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&#91;4&#93; Diego Barrentino, Markus Graf, Wan Ho Song, Kay&#150;Uwe Kirstein, Andreas Hierlemann and Henry Baltes. IEEE Journal of Solid&#150;State Circuits. <b>39, </b>1202 (2004).    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=9686407&pid=S1665-3521200800030000200004&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&#91;5&#93; Muhammad Y. Afridi et. al. IEEE Sensors Journal, <b>2, </b>644-655 (2002).    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=9686409&pid=S1665-3521200800030000200005&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&#91;6&#93; O. Brand and G. K. Fedder, "Advanced Micro &amp; Nanosystems", Vol. 2, CMOS&#150;MEMS, Wiley&#150;VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co., 2005, ch. 7, pp. 335&#150;390.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=9686411&pid=S1665-3521200800030000200006&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&#91;7&#93; J. Bausells, J. Carrabina, A. Errachid and A. Merlos. Sensors and Actuators B. <b>57, </b>56 (1999).    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=9686413&pid=S1665-3521200800030000200007&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --> </font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&#91;8&#93; C. Yuan Lung, C. Jung Chuan, S. Tai Ping, L. Hung Kwei, C. Wen Yaw and H. Shen Kan, Sensors and Actuators B. <b>75, </b>36 (2001).    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=9686415&pid=S1665-3521200800030000200008&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&#91;9&#93; Nick Yu&#150;Min Shen, Zengtao Liu, Chungho Lee, Bradley A. Minch and Edwin Chih&#150;Chuan Kan. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices. <b>50, </b>2171 (2003).    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=9686417&pid=S1665-3521200800030000200009&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&#91;10&#93; V&iacute;ctor Hugo Ponce&#150;Ponce, "Sensor inteligente de imagines en tecnolog&iacute;a CMOS, con aplicaciones en rob&oacute;tica", Ph. D, thesis, Cinvestav&#150;IPN, Mexico, Dic. 2005.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=9686419&pid=S1665-3521200800030000200010&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&#91;11&#93; Diego Barrentino, Markus Graf, Stefano Taschini, Sadik Hafizovic, Christoph Hagleitner and Andreas Hierlemann, IEEE Sensors Journal. <b>6, </b>276 (2006).    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=9686421&pid=S1665-3521200800030000200011&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --> </font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&#91;12&#93; Markus Graf, et. al., IEEE Sensors Journal. <b>4, </b>9 (2004).    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=9686423&pid=S1665-3521200800030000200012&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --> </font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&#91;13&#93; M. Afridi, A. Hefner, D. Berning, C. Ellenwood, A. Varma, B. Jacob and S. Semancik, Solid State Electronics. <b>48, </b>1777 (2004).    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=9686425&pid=S1665-3521200800030000200013&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&#91;14&#93; Jean Laconte, C&eacute;dric Dupont, Denis Flandre and Jean&#150;Pierre Raskin, IEEE Sensors Journal. <b>4, </b>670 (2004).    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=9686427&pid=S1665-3521200800030000200014&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&#91;15&#93; D. Vincenzi et. al., Journal of Vacuum Science Technology B, <b>18, </b>2441 (2000).    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=9686429&pid=S1665-3521200800030000200015&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&#91;16&#93; John S. Suehle, Richard E. Cavicchi, Michael Gaitan and Steve Semancik, IEEE Electron Device Letters. <b>14, </b>118 (1993).    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=9686431&pid=S1665-3521200800030000200016&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&#91;17&#93; Bin Guo, Amine Bermak, Philip C. H. Chan and Gui&#150;Zhen Yan, Solid State Electronics. <b>51, </b>69 (2007).    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=9686433&pid=S1665-3521200800030000200017&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>      ]]></body><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Frey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Urs]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Graf]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Markus]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Taschini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Stefano]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kirstein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Kay-Uwe]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hierlemann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Andreas]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<page-range>441</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brezmes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jesús]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López Fructuoso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Llobet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vilanova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Recasens]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Orts]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Correig]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[IEEE Sensors Journal]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<page-range>97</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barrentino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Diego]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Graf]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Markus]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zimmermann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Martin]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hagleitner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Christoph]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hierlemann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Andreas]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baltes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Henry]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>39</volume>
<page-range>275</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barrentino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Diego]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Graf]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Markus]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ho Song]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Wan]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kirstein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Kay-Uwe]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hierlemann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Andreas]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baltes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Henry]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>39</volume>
<page-range>1202</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Y. Afridi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Muhammad]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[IEEE Sensors Journal]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<page-range>644-655</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brand]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fedder]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Advanced Micro & Nanosystems]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<page-range>335-390</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[WileyVCH VerlagGmbH & Co.]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bausells]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carrabina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Errachid]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Merlos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Sensors and Actuators B.]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>57</volume>
<page-range>56</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yuan Lung]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jung Chuan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tai Ping]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hung Kwei]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wen Yaw]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shen Kan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Sensors and Actuators B.]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>75</volume>
<page-range>36</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yu-Min Shen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nick]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Zengtao]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Chungho]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Minch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Bradley A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chih-Chuan Kan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Edwin]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>50</volume>
<page-range>2171</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ponce-Ponce]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Víctor Hugo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Sensor inteligente de imagines en tecnología CMOS, con aplicaciones en robótica]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barrentino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Diego]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Graf]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Markus]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Taschini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Stefano]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hafizovic]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sadik]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hagleitner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Christoph]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hierlemann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Andreas]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[IEEE Sensors Journal]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<page-range>276</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Graf]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Markus]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[IEEE Sensors Journal]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<page-range>9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Afridi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hefner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Berning]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ellenwood]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Varma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jacob]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Semancik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Solid State Electronics]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>48</volume>
<page-range>1777</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Laconte]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jean]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dupont]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Cédric]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Flandre]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Denis]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Raskin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jean-Pierre]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[IEEE Sensors Journal]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<page-range>670</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vincenzi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Vacuum Science Technology B]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<page-range>2441</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Suehle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[John S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cavicchi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Richard E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gaitan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Michael]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Semancik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Steve]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[IEEE Electron Device Letters]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<page-range>118</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Bin]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bermak]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Amine]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[C. H. Chan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Philip]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gui-Zhen]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Solid State Electronics]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>51</volume>
<page-range>69</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
