<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>1665-3521</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Superficies y vacío]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Superf. vacío]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>1665-3521</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Mexicana de Ciencia y Tecnología de Superficies y Materiales A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S1665-35212005000400001</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Integration of bio, nano, micro and cogno in biosensor devices for human health applications]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lechuga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Domínguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,CSIC Centro Nacional de Microelectrónica Instituto de Microelectrónica de Madrid]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></addr-line>
<country>Spain</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2005</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2005</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>6</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1665-35212005000400001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S1665-35212005000400001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S1665-35212005000400001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The design, fabrication and testing of micro/nanobiosensor devices based on optoelectronics and nanomechanical highly sensitive transducers is shown. Most of the devices are fabricated by standard silicon CMOS microelectronics technology after a precise design for achieving a high sensitivity for biosensing applications. Three biosensors have been developed: (a) a Surface Plasmon Resonance biosensor (b) an integrated Mach-Zehnder interferometer micro/nanodevice based on optical waveguides and (c) nanomechanical biosensors based on microcantilevers. Direct biosensing with all the sensors has been tested, after a specific receptor coupling to the surface device using nanometer scale immobilization techniques. Further integration of the micro/nano sensors, the microfluidics, the sources, the photodetectors and the CMOS electronics will render in complete lab-on-a-chip microsystems which could be used in field applications.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[MEMS]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Biosensor]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Silicon DMOS]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>[1]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Domínguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lechuga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Integrated optical chemo- and Biosensors]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alegret]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Integrated Analytical Systems]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Elsevier Science BV ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Amsterdam]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>[2]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lechuga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sepúlveda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez del Río]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Blanco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Domínguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Integrated Optoelectronics Devices]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Proceedings of Photonics West (SPIE)]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>5357</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>[3]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>[4]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liegler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Taitt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Optical Biosensor: Present and future]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Elsevier ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Amsterdam]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>[5]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fritz]]></surname>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rothuizen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vettiger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meyer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Güntherodt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gerber]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ch.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gimzewski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Science]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>288</volume>
<page-range>316</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>[6]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>[7]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lechuga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Optical Biosensors]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gorton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Biosensors and Modern Biospecific Analytical Techniques]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Amsterdam ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Elsevier Science BV]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>[8]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kooyman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.P.H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lechuga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kress-Rogers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Handbook of Biosensors: Medicine, Food and the Environment]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<page-range>169</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Florida ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[CRC Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>[9]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Homola]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gauglitz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Review. Sens. Act. B]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>54</volume>
<page-range>3</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>[10]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lechuga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Prieto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Optical sensors based on evanescent field sensing. Part I. Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensors]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Química Analítica]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>19</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>[11]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lechuga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Prieto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sepúlveda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Interferometric Biosensors for environmental pollution detection]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Optical Sensors for Industrial]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Berlín ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Springer]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>[12]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Prieto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Llobera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[C]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Domínguez]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lechuga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[J. Lightwave Tech.]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<page-range>966</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>[13]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Prieto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sepúlveda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Llobera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Domínguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montoya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lechuga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Nanotechnology]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<page-range>907</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>[14]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wu]]></surname>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ji]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hansen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thundat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Datar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cote]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hagan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chakraborty]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Majumdar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>98</volume>
<page-range>1560</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>[15]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Álvarez]]></surname>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tamayo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montoya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lechuga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Biosensors &amp; Bioelectronics]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<page-range>649</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
